A peer tutoring program was implemented in a nongraded innercity school in an effort to decrease discipline problems--specifically fighting--and to increase the reading comprehension of both tutors and tutees. The target group consisted of 25 intermediate and junior high school students who tutored 25 intermediate and primary school students. The…

A report is made on a teacher preparation evaluation program that consisted of a systematic follow-up of teachers both while in the undergraduate programs and after they entered the profession. The data provided covers a period of more than seven years. Changes in teacher behavior as experience is gained are examined, and additional findings about…

This IRCD Bulletin issue contains two brief papers. One, on contingency management, describes the application of this aspect of operant conditioning theory to the manipulation of behavior through reinforcement methods. Examples of the technique of managing high and low probability behaviors are offered as it is used with preschool children,…

A baseline curriculum guide developed by the Southwestern Cooperative Educational Laboratory in 1967 provides concomitant behavioral objectives for a full-year first grade program. The document contains discussions relevant to the development of behavioral objectives, including the need for such objectives, the rationale for their development, a…

The object of the present study was to develop and test the effectiveness of a behavior modification approach to behavior training, in the context of a social living situation in a Job Corps Center for men. The model for this approach is derived from recent research in social reinforcement learning, as applied to behavior training in laboratories…

A pilot study exploring the use of mental health consultants to teachers of socially and emotionally maladjusted pupils in regular classes was conducted to (1) help teachers cope with these children and facilitate successful learning experiences for them, (2) enable teachers to be more effective with all children, (3) understand effects of…

This study investigated the effect of encouragement, inspection, and training on the effectiveness of supervisors' developmental activities with their subordinates. Treatment groups were established on each variable. A specially developed questionnaire was administered, before introduction of the study variables and again six months afterward, to…

This literature review is a supplement to an earlier , extensive review by the author. It shows the increase in laboratory training methods and programs. The studies reviewed are classified as follows: methodology of evaluation, theory development, kinds of learning, factors influencing learning, participant characteristics, and laboratory…

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that specific in-class behaviors of classroom teachers could be modified by training. Focused on were these four behaviors: (a) positive reinforcement (PR), (b) negative reinforcement (NR), (c) amount of time the teacher talks as a percentage of all talk in class, and (d) encouragement of…

This research documents the development and empirical testing of a theoretically based training program aimed at reducing debilitating anxiety and increasing the skills required for successfully coping with stressful situations in the school setting. The intervention used is an integrated approach incorporating relaxation and deep-breathing…

This book presents a theory of child development and learning and explores the implications of this theory for early childhood education. The theory is based on the Piagetian premise that the acquisition of knowledge is the result of an active process of construction. The child mentally transforms the environment by relating new information to…

The paper considers whether precise control over the actions, thoughts, emotions, and desires of individuals is desirable. New technological methods for controlling human behavior enable systematic manipulation of people and promise an even greater degree of manipulation in the near future. Arguments for and against behavior control are presented.…

Recent years have witnessed an accumulating volume of research in the areas of classroom management, parent training, teacher training, and training of paraprofessionals. While much of this research has demonstrated significant results experimentally, many of these approaches have yet to be adopted as part of the counseling and personnel services…

Provided are strategies for teaching activities of daily living (ADL), which include dressing, eating, grooming, toileting, and basic homemakine, to severely retarded students. Reviewed are the steps necessary to teach ADL skills: ADL assessment, identification of appropriate strategies and tactics, and task analysis. Explained are four common…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of self-monitoring on classroom participation. Twenty-four male and twenty-four female sixth-grade students were randomly assigned to four treatment conditions: (1) self-monitoring participation; (2) self-monitoring non-participation; (3) teacher request; and (4) control procedure. Students in…