To test people's ability to underestimate time requirements during planning, researchers conducted three experiments in which subjects had to estimate the time needed to do hypothetical errands in an imaginary town. The subjects comprised three separate groups of students and citizens. Variables tested included the number of errands, the total…

Analyzed are the processes of classification and seriation which form the child's ability to reason, based upon the results of eight years of experimental work with over 2000 children. The authors have found that there is a very close relation between the development of logical actions and that of sub-logical operations and actions. The fact that…

The potency of Pascual-Leone's M construct was demonstrated by experimental production of decalages on combinatorial reasoning tasks. Logical and perceptual task characteristics remained constant while the number of variables was varied so that processing demands, relative to processing capacities, were the same for subjects at each of three age…

Examined the relationship between loneliness and level of abstract thinking in 100 college students. Differential levels of abstraction in lonely versus nonlonely students were found. (Author)

A study involving dyslexic children (10-14 years old) with average and high reasoning ability and nondyslexic children with and without superior mathematical ability suggested that the high reasoning dyslexic Ss had similar abstract reasoning ability but lower computation and memory skills than mathematically gifted nondyslexic Ss. (CL)

Indicates that three provisions should be made possible for gifted students: (1) freedom to move through the course at an accelerated speed, (2) opportunity for application of abstract thinking, and (3) tutorial and audit activities for using special talents. (JOW)

Compares spatial with nonspatial reasoning ability within the same patients to determine whether spatial reasoning deficits in schizophrenics are specific to spatial types of tasks or are indicative of generalized reasoning difficulties. (Author/RK)

Kindergarten children were tested on Kershner's spatial model, two WISC performance tests, and two Piagetian tasks. Results validated Kershner's work but not his claims that his test measures conservation or dimensional concepts. (ST)

The bibliography includes works which analyze Mexico's ancient and contemporary philosophy, as well as the country's culture and national identity. (NQ)

By comparing comprehension and inference, the reading process was presented in two distinct phases: the comprehension of the literal sense of what is read; and the inference of deeper meanings not explicitly stated. (BT)

Three studies investigate the role of competence factors (defined as acquisition of Piagetian formal reasoning) and performance factors (defined as influences from content and expectations) with respect to adolescents' reasoning about advertisements reporting product tests. (Author/MP)

Dunlop (Journal of Philosophy of Education; v14 p178 1980) suggests that people give up their capacity for independent judgment in face of coercive public standards. The author agrees, but believes Dunlop's appeal to intuition should be replaced with an appeal to universal criteria of rationality. (KC)

Kahneman and Tversky's critique of Cohen's position on adults' probability reasoning is not valid. If they think Baconian logic is normatively unsound, the onus is on them to explain why. It is valid and useful because nature itself is full of causal processes. (Author/RD)

Reviews the theories of the founder of "general semantics," Alfred Korzybski, who believed that social conflict would be reduced by the study of how the structure of language affects our perceptions of the world and by the development of new language habits to overcome the limitations of verbal symbols. (Editor/SJL)