Standards relating to sampling methodology are summarized, deviations from these standards in a random sample of 30 research reports are identified, and specific recommendations for improving sampling methods to enhance research applicability for practice are made. A high proportion of the studies examined had at least one major sampling…

The sampling variability and zeta-values of parameter estimates for misspecified structural equation models were examined. A Monte Carlo study was used. Results are discussed in terms of asymptotic theory and the implications for the practice of structural equation models. (SLD)

A method is presented for determining sample size that will achieve a pre-specified bound on confidence interval width for the interrater agreement measure "kappa." The same results can be used when a pre-specified power is desired for testing hypotheses about the value of kappa. (Author/SLD)

Simplicity and efficiency in design and estimation are all important in deciding on sampling strategies. A simple model is given and illustrated for four practical situations to show how a good sampling strategy should be selected. (Author)

Use of the bootstrap method in a canonical correlation analysis to evaluate the replicability of a study's results is illustrated. More confidence may be vested in research results that replicate. (SLD)

Reviews the research on sampling for daily newspapers and explores various sampling techniques for weekly newspapers. Contrasts different sample types to assess their utility in representing weekly newspaper content. Uses five content measures and tests three sampling techniques: simple random sampling and two "constructed year" samples,…

Conceptual rationales from five research contexts are presented, which all posit unmeasured variables that interact with observed independent variables to produce a complete model of the dependent variable. Strategies for overcoming related difficulties are outlined, including increased longitudinal assessment, oversampling of levels of…

This article presents a rationale for improving descriptions of samples of persons with learning disabilities in research reports. Guidelines resulting from a working conference of journal editors in the field of learning disabilities are presented. The guidelines aim to allow for study-to-study comparisons and actual replications. (JDD)

Examined psychotherapy studies published in "Journal of Counseling Psychology" (JCP) and "Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology" (JCCP) between 1978 and 1992. Found that JCP published mostly process, outcome, and analogue research, whereas JCCP published mostly outcome research. Most process and process-outcome studies across journals were…

A theory of visual information acquisition and visual memory is described that conjoins two models that have been used to describe low-level perceptual and higher level cognitive processes. Six experiments with 21 adult observers generally support the theory, although some weakness is discussed. (SLD)

A new approximation is proposed for testing the equality of "k" independent means in the face of heterogeneity of variance. Monte Carlo simulations show that the new procedure has nearly nominal Type I error rates and Type II error rates that are close to those produced by James's second-order approximation. (SLD)

Some recent methods are presented for analyzing categorical data from complex surveys involving clustering familiar in educational research. Methods that provide first-order corrections to standard multinomial-based chi-square tests by taking into account survey design effects are highlighted. Design-based calculation techniques guarantee that the…

Demonstrated that time sampling is inaccurate for estimating durations or frequencies of behaviors. Also concluded that (1) individual or group differences can change depending on whether time sampling or continuous sampling is used; and (2) error rates are high when bout lengths of behaviors are short or when interval length is long. (BC)

Whether it is possible to develop a classification function that identifies the underlying range restriction from sample information alone was investigated in a simulation. Results indicate that such a function is possible. The procedure was found to be relatively accurate, robust, and powerful. (SLD)

Describes and assesses missing data methods currently used to analyze data from matrix sampling designs implemented by the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Several improved methods are developed, and these models are evaluated using an EM algorithm to obtain maximum likelihood estimates followed by multiple imputation of complete data…