RACIALLY-UNBALANCED SCHOOLS SHOULD BE VIEWED WITH INTENSE CONCERN. NEGRO AMERICANS HAVE LEARNED THAT RACIALLY BALANCED FACILITIES ARE NECESSARY IF THEY ARE TO RECEIVE ANYTHING RESEMBLING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY. BALANCED SCHOOLS ARE NEEDED TO INSURE THE NECESSARY POLITICAL LEVERAGE. LEGALLY, THE QUESTION OF UNBALANCED SCHOOLS WAS ANSWERED IN THE 1954…

AN INVESTIGATION WAS DESIGNED (1) TO ANALYZE THE EMPATHIC PROCESS IN COUNSELING, (2) TO DEVELOP MEASURES OF EMPATHIC RESPONSIVENESS, AND (3) TO DEVELOP TRAINING MATERIALS TO IMPROVE THE EMPATHIC RESPONSIVENESS OF COUNSELORS. THE TECHNIQUES DEVELOPED IN THE STUDY INVOLVED THE SPECIAL USE OF FILM AND TELEVISION AND THE SIMULATION OF A COUNSELING…

This research was a direct test of the hypothesis that value change as a result of self-confrontation is unidirectional--that is, possible only in a direction that serves to maintain and enhance self-esteem, and thus is consistent with self-conceptions. The effectiveness of a self-confrontation treatment designed to increase the importance of the…

Both balance and reinforcement theories were used in an examination of the perceptual distortion of height among 146 college debaters. Balance theory predicted that losers would distort winners' heights upward; reinforcement theory predicted that winners would distort losers' heights upward. The results confirmed both predictions. The possibility…

Social androgyny is explored from the perspective of intrapyschic processes. It was hypothesized that androgynous individuals would exhibit characteristics consistent with a more intrapsychic orientation. The purpose was twofold: to assess the ability of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) as a measure of social androgyny, and to attempt to…

The paper describes the Coping Inventory, an observation instrument that provides an index of handicapped children's adaptive behavior by assessing the behaviors and skills they use to meet their own needs and adapt to the demands of their environment. Coping is defined as an active, adaptive process of using strategies to manage one's world.…

The objective of this project was to test the effect of the presence of a mother, compared with the presence of an adult female stranger, upon the apprehensiveness of children confronted with novel stimuli. Subjects were 10 children, 3 1/2 to 5 1/2 years old, who were individually placed in a room containing a toy cash register, a marble-race toy,…

The purpose of this paper is to describe the Navy's Alcohol Rehabilitation Program and to discuss the research that has been completed through 1976 measuring the effectiveness of the program. The researchers defined program effectiveness as completion of enlistment and recommendation for reenlistment one year after treatment. The results indicated…

This series of papers on stress and anxiety is part of a larger project concerned with a critical appraisal of research needs in the areas of personality, emotion, and motivation. A group of behavioral scientists contributed their expertise in identifying critical variables, concepts, and processes relating to stress and anxiety. Rather than…

The existence of a state of consciousness attained through transcendental meditation and characterized by specific qualities that would facilitate the acquisition of language is proposed. This theory is supported by analogies between certain conceptualizations of quantum physics and various aspects of transcendental meditation. Comparisons are…

This report examines the extent and nature of marihuana use in the U.S. It presents information on the social and psychological influences as well as the toxicological and pharmacological effects. It also analyzes effects on behavior and discusses theraputic aspects of the drug. (Author/HMV)

While a number of studies have documented a variety of attitudinal correlates of the subjective dimension of age, some writers have suggested that, especially at the older end of the life cycle, subjective age is but a surrogate for measures of disadvantaged social status. Specifically, this alternative view is that only the poor or retired or…

If we define irrationality as thought, emotion, or behavior that leads to self-defeating consequences or that significantly interferes with the survival and happiness of the organism, we find that literally hundreds of major irrationalities exist in all societies and in virtually all humans in those societies. These irrationalities persist despite…

This report is the sixth in a series of reports designed to summarize the empirical research findings and major theoretical approaches relating to the issues of drug use and abuse. This volume reviews some of the major research studies which explore the nonmedical use of drugs as it relates to all modes of death. Included are studies describing…

This report presents the results of two experimental studies undertaken to investigate some of the differences in success and failure attributions made by actors and observers in an achievement situation. Causal attributions of a person actually experiencing a success or failure (the actor) and someone who read about the situation (the observer)…