This dissertation includes three individual articles that explore the relationship between witnessing bullying and defending behavior among students who are bystanders of bullying. Chapter One provides the rationale and purpose of this dissertation and an overview of the three articles that comprise it. Chapter Two employed a cross-sectional…

The Cell Phone modeling task centers on a Fermi real-world estimation question. The task and rubric can be used at different grade levels to focus on the modeling process and classroom community. Finding time and space to engage students, especially novice modelers, in mathematical modeling can be a challenge, yet the benefits of modeling are…

This study proposed a conceptualization for the e-training of computer science teachers based on the TAWOCK model. After analyzing several scientific papers, a proposed conceptualization based on the TAWOCK model was presented for training computer science teachers in specialized topics in the field of computing and reviewed by several…

Research and development work in artificial intelligence in education (AIED) is wide ranging and rapidly growing to support all areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teaching and learning. At the risk of hyperbole, this is potentially the most fundamentally game-changing technology for education to emerge since the…

Thermohaline circulation is a foundational concept in introductory and advanced undergraduate oceanography courses which describes the density-driven flow of water throughout the world's oceans. This concept is commonly taught using two-dimensional (2D) diagrams and graphics. However, students often struggle with the three-dimensional (3D)…

In synchronous online EFL classrooms, students often exhibit passive participation and boredom when learning grammar. This research study presents the development of an online active grammar learning instructional model, named LPCR, which incorporates Byrne's Presentation-Practice Production (PPP) approach and Fink's holistic view of active…

The ability to think critically in the 21st century is a skill that must be possessed by every individual. This study, uses a UbD-based problem-based learning model with a conventional learning model to see which learning model has more influence on the critical thinking ability of grade IV students in science subjects. The UbD approach was chosen…

Research on charter schools tends to focus on direct and immediate effects on student outcomes. However, there may be unintended indirect effects on, for example, the teacher labor market. Charter schools tend to hire teachers with fewer traditional teaching credentials, which may reduce the equilibrium quantity of teachers who have traditional…

How to develop a teaching management system to improve the teaching efficiency of art courses has become an important challenge at present. This article takes university art teaching courses as the research object, uses dynamic L-M algorithm to optimize a large number of parameters, proposes an improved neural networks evaluation model,…

Across colleges and universities, there is a need to foster campus leadership that is diverse, responsive, and effective. In the face of these needs, there is a lack of current research about how newly appointed campus leaders develop and enact their leadership practices in support of higher education institutions and their members. The purpose of…

This theoretical article explores the affordances and challenges of Euler diagrams as tools for supporting undergraduate introduction-to-proof students to make sense of, and reason about, logical implications. To theoretically frame students' meaning making with Euler diagrams, we introduce the notion of logico-spatial linked structuring (or…

Purpose: Although E-learning has been in use for over two decades, running parallel to traditional learning systems, it has gained increased attention due to its vital role in universities in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary challenge within E-learning pertains to the maintenance of sustainable effectiveness and the assurance of…

Despite existing recruitment and retention efforts, there has been a persistent underrepresentation of Black men teachers in the U.S. educator workforce. The present study employed a phenomenological approach to examine what motivated Black men (n = 27) to enter the teaching profession. We drew on the social-cognitive career theory (SCCT)…

This paper aims to identify and compare key factors influencing US States' or an OECD country's decision to employ student test scores or test score value-added (VAM) in evaluating teacher effectiveness. Analysis using multiple linear probability model and logistic regression frameworks indicates that the use of VAM/student test scores was…

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Toulmin argumentation model in developing critical thinking skills and epistemological beliefs concerning the internet in an online educational setting, especially during the global coronavirus pandemic. The subject of the research was carried out in the "Child Development Department" of a…