The Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) requires annual inspections of child care and early education (CCEE) providers who operate legally without a license (i.e., license-exempt providers) and receive CCDF subsidies. The purpose of these inspections is to ensure that these providers follow health and safety standards set by CCDF for license-exempt providers receiving CCDF subsidies (Child Care and Development Fund, 2016). In about half of states and territories, the licensing agency is responsible for monitoring license-exempt providers who receive CCDF subsidies. Because monitoring of license-exempt providers has only been required by CCDF since 2016 (Child Care and Development Fund, 2016) and may be a relatively new responsibility of state licensing agencies, there is little research about licensing agencies' approaches to monitoring and supporting these providers. To provide some initial information about how licensing agencies are engaged with license-exempt providers, researchers from The Role of Licensing in Early Care and Education (TRLECE) team interviewed licensing administrators and front-line staff in four states. The goal of these interviews was to learn how licensing administrators and front-line staff monitor and support license-exempt providers, their perceived strengths and challenges related to their work with license-exempt providers, and their ideas for improvement. This report describes the primary research questions, research methods, and findings from the study. It is important to note that this brief focuses on the licensing agencies' perceptions of their work with license-exempt providers and does not reflect the perceptions of license-exempt providers or the families they serve.