The instructional effectiveness of learning programs derived from Gagne-type task analysis, ordering theory analysis, and random sequenced presentation of complex intellectual skills were investigated. Fifty-seven high school students completed a self-instructional program derived from one of the three sequences. No significant differences were…

Studies of the teaching and learning process provide the basis for this research. The emphasis is on the nature of the tutorial interaction during the learning of complex material, with the eventual goal of being able to construct an automated, computer- controlled tutorial system. An active structural network (a type of semantic network) was used…

Since, by the time they enter school, children have developed a major portion of their spoken language system by being immersed in language, it seems probable that they could also apply these rules to the orthographic system if they were immersed in reading. Thus, learning to read by reading would allow the general formation of rules that could…

From a total enrollment of 440 students in business communication classes, 270 voluntarily participated in a study of the relationship between the placement of performance objectives and reading comprehension. Students were tested for reading comprehension and were randomly assigned to one of two experiments and to pre-, post-, or no-objective…

The role of visual imagery in the learning of letter-sound combinations was investigated using such mediating images as two scoops of ice cream for the letter "m." In a preliminary study, high-, medium-, and low-strength mediating images were determined for each letter-sound combination. The 216 kindergarten subjects in the main study were…

This paper describes a method of corrective phonetics based on perceptual phonetics, because it is in this area that contact with a foreign language is first established. Methods of correcting phonetic perception by frequency manipulation (using the frequency selector "SUVAG-Lingua") within the framework of the verbo-tonal method of…

This paper reports an attempt to replicate previously published findings on the interrelationship between free-recall performance and selected cognitive abilities. In Experiment I, 300 7th and 12th graders responded to a battery of eight intelligence and memory tests and were then randomly assigned to one of three pre-learning instructional…

This paper discusses the benefits of teaching literature through levels of understanding so that teachers can more quickly and efficiently determine the operational levels of individual students. The seven levels of understanding and some of the generic questions by which they can be determined are: (1) perceptual level: "What happened, when,…

This study investigated a problem within the theoretical structure of cognitive development proposed by Jean Piaget, and used the concepts of classification and projective spatial relationships to investigate the nature of attainment and sequencing of three corresponding logical and infralogical groupings according to the models proposed by…

Discussed are Piaget's methods, his relation to other theories, and an overview of his theory. Described are the six stages of his sensorimotor period with a summary of imitation and play, and the concrete operations period with the subperiods of changes from sensorimotor in preoperation, differences from the adult in preoperation, and the…

This study focuses on some common personality patterns and their influence on reading. Two commonly observed personality types, the compulsive and the hysterical, found at opposite ends of the continuum of personality patterns are discussed, and the types of children which result from parents with these personalities are described. It is noted…

In exploring the use of the learning process to foster creativity among children from 0-3 years, we must free ourselves from antiquated and erroneous beliefs that school is the only environment in which creativity and learning takes place, and that the teacher is the sole agent of such achievements. Our culture, our environment, and our…

With comprehension defined as the ability to specify the relationship between two items, an investigation was conducted to determine the ability of children to relate ideas from several sentences to arrive at answers to questions. This study was a replication of a previous study in which inner-city children participated. In constrast, the subjects…

The validity of the argument that non-promotion and subsequent repetition of the work in a grade will lead to an improvement in performance was examined. The subjects were 642 students in grades 8-11. The data was derived from the year-end marks that each student received in the subject areas, upon which the decision to promote or retain was made.…

This study examines and discusses sociological and psychological factors affecting adult motivation (or, in general, lack of motivation) to engage in systematic learning or hard intellectual effort. Characteristics and effects of mass culture are briefly noted. Differing levels of learning and conceptualization are described, ranging from the…