This article explores the impact of teacher attitudes on the provision of Special Educational Needs (SEN) and the increasing trend of segregated educational settings. It introduces the concept of "Dysconscious ableism" to analyse how implicit biases and perceptions shape educational processes for children with SEN. By reflecting upon…

Humans implicitly pick up on probabilities of stimuli and events, yet it remains unclear how statistical learning builds expectations that affect perception. Across 29 experiments, we examine the influence of task-irrelevant distributions--defined across acoustic frequency--on both tone detection in noise and tone duration judgments. The shape and…

The Gini index is probably the most commonly used indicator to measure inequality. For continuous distributions, the Gini index can be computed using several equivalent formulations. However, this is not the case with discrete distributions, where controversy remains regarding the expression to be used to estimate the Gini index. We attempt to…

Children acquire gender stereotypes at a young age and these subsequently influence cognition and behavior. Stereotypes may be learned through a child's direct observation of gender differences as well as perpetuated by inaccurate cultural depictions. Children's mass media, a cultural product, may be a powerful source of gender stereotype…

Amid a challenging political climate increasingly seeking to curtail DEI efforts, Latish C. Reed introduces the innovative Equity Empowerment Continuum (EEC), an introspective and systematic approach to understanding and addressing the complexities of equity in any organization. Dr. Reed offers personal insights and practical tools, demonstrating…

Children's understanding of the temporal terms "first," "before," and "after" has implications for describing experienced events, but has typically been studied by asking them to interpret described events. In this study, one hundred and one 3- to 6-year-olds completed two tasks. In the description task, children…

This manuscript introduces a Culturally Sensitive Research (CSR) framework that aligns with the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies to guide ethical, inclusive counseling research practices. The framework aids researchers in addressing long-standing methodological biases while advocating for a paradigm shift toward equity and…

Mathematics anxiety is an important negative emotion that can impact mathematics achievement. Clinical anxiety research suggests that cognitive biases, specifically negative interpretation bias, can lead to the development of anxiety. The goal of this study is to investigate negative interpretation bias in a mathematics context, whether gender…

Researchers increasingly have access to two types of data: (i) large observational datasets where treatment (e.g., class size) is not randomized but several primary outcomes (e.g., graduation rates) and secondary outcomes (e.g., test scores) are observed and (ii) experimental data in which treatment is randomized but only secondary outcomes are…

Teaching socio-scientific issues (SSI) fosters students' ethical reasoning, yet many educators struggle with integrating these topics into science classrooms. This exploratory mixed-methods study investigates how ethical reflection influences adolescents' attitudes toward animal experimentation and their ethical orientations. The study involved 72…

This chapter demonstrates the possibilities when a Disrupting the Disciplines framework is used alongside the Decoding the Disciplines framework to directly address teaching bottlenecks related to racism, colonialism, and implicit bias. It describes the benefits of Disrupting interviews for exploring bottlenecks in classroom instructional…

Inadequate test-taking effort poses a significant challenge, particularly when low-stakes test results inform high-stakes policy and psychometric decisions. We examined how rapid guessing (RG), a common form of low test-taking effort, biases item parameter estimates, particularly the discrimination and difficulty parameters. Previous research…

This essay draws from four years of ethnographic fieldwork with women activists in self-defined Paulo Freirean-based popular education schools in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Rather than leaning on the traditions of education activism, modeled on Freire's class-based emancipatory vision, the women in this study sought to turn popular education's focus…

This study investigated whether social position (e.g., gender, migration, family status), intrapersonal-level (e.g., online risk behaviors, motives of Internet use), interpersonal-level (e.g., victimization and bullying), family-level (e.g., parental mediation), and class-level (e.g., teachers' mediation, ethnic diversity) variables predict…

This second edition is essential reading for educators and other school community members who are navigating the increasingly complicated laws and legal rulings related to LGBTQ students, employees, and community members. It combines historical, contemporary, theoretical, and practical information to help educators address exclusionary practices…