The experiment in this paper attempts to demonstrate that people's errors in recall or distortions of their initial positions are such as to allow them to perceive consistency in their attitudes over time. (Author/RK)

An analysis of various studies which have examined the effect of questions in the textual content of instructional materials. (JB)

Suggestions are offered to give direction to classroom teachers who desire to turn their spelling program around and provide meaningful instruction based on the written communication needs of each student. (Author/MB)

Described is a study designed to test on a scientific basis the effectiveness of Dr. Francis Christensen's program for teaching composition. (RY)

The effect of cognitive style on the performance of four groups of college students (n=326) who used different strategies of study to comprehend prose was investigated. The cognitive styles of the subjects (field dependence/independence) interacted with the strategies of study and seem to affect performance on comprehension of prose at posttest.…

Changes in the motivation and self-confidence of children participating in the Perach Project (an Israeli tutorial program) were investigated. Affective measures were administered to experimental (i.e., tutored children) and control groups during the two-year study. Pretest/posttest results indicated that tutored children performed better on…

A study of education students at University of Ife, Nigeria, indicated that (1) the subjects did not bring a "tabula rasa" knowledge of the course content into the study and (2) the course led to knowledge gain even after the effect of preentry knowledge was "partialed out" from end-of-course knowledge. (Author/BW)

This paper delineates conditions under which the use of change scores will not produce misleading results, and may perhaps be preferable to other methods of analysis. The validity of change scores in randomized pretest-posttest designs is discussed along with situations where analysis of change scores should be used. (Author/GK)

Explains why some programs fail to prove themselves in evaluations yet have substantial benefits. Documents a method of administering self-reports, pre-then-post testing that helps to eliminate response-shift bias. (Author)

Results suggest that individuals enrolled in a death education seminar can acquire and/or enhance a variety of coping capacities in regard to self and others. Exposure to a full array of experiential and didactic components appears to be necessary. (Author)

The pretreatment personality scores were not significantly related to improved outcome scores at termination either as a main effect or for the interaction with treatment group. However, low neuroticism and high extraversion were associated with improved social adjustment one year later. (Author)

Examined effects of two movies, Like Other People and The Music Box, on attitudes as measured by the Attitudes toward Disabled Persons scale. Results indicated more negative attitudes were induced in pretested participants by Like Other People at initial post-test; however, more favorable attitudes were exhibited by participants six weeks later.…

A 60-minute, color videotape of a simulated adult physical examination was produced and used by the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy to introduce clinical clerkship students to the procedures involved in the physical examination. The videotape was evaluated by a 25-question pretest and posttest. (Author/MLW)