This self-instructive workbook focuses on a set of propositional abilities related to learning. It utilizes written materials, manipulative materials, videotapes, and students, and is supplemented by a program and support system which includes instruction, teaching experiences for practice, discussions, and individual conferences. The three major…

The purpose of this study was to provide a more complete understanding of the storage and retrieval processes of developmentally different youngsters. Forty-four second and fourth grade subjects were given a lesson consisting of 25 facts to learn and remember. Half of the group learned the facts in a context containing superordinate statements…

This paper presents a study designed to determine if groups of concrete and formal operational children can be identified through the technique of cluster analysis, using a battery of Piagetian tasks. A Total of 64 subjects, 8 boys and 8 girls from each of the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth grade levels, were selected from a public elementary…

This study examines the effects of using different classes of ratios on adolescent performance on proportionality problems. Problems of the form a/b = c/x varied on four dimensions: size of a/b, equality or inequality of b and c, complex or simple fractions, and form of the test. Tests consisted of six proportionality problems involving sizes of…

Two experiments compared the cognitive maps (mental representations of the spatial environment) of first graders, fifth graders and college students, and investigated developmental changes in the ability to manipulate cognitive maps mentally. In the first experiment, subjects were asked to move from stationpoint to stationpoint and at each, to…

A total of 100 second graders were pretested for conservation of length and weight. Fifty pairs were then formed, each pair consisting of one conserver and one nonconserver. During the second session, the children attempted to resolve their opposed answers on the conservation tasks and on two control questions as well. On both length and weight,…

A total of 72 kindergarteners received eight conservation of number trials which varied in the degree of perceptual support for one-to-one correspondence (four levels) and type of stimuli (toy animals or corks). A between-subjects variable was the method of presentation (standard conservation presentation, a partially fixed array, or a fixed…

The concept of "structure" is discussed in connection with the biological and psychological sciences and shown, through a short historical analysis, to have been subject to imprecise use. The recent "structuralist movement" in the social sciences has also tended to cloud the meaning of structure rather than to clarify it. Using…

A study was undertaken to determine (1) if six student teachers who received instruction (in eight weekly individual or group training and feedback sessions) in the use of Bloom's taxonomy would operate within the classroom at a higher cognitive level than a control group of six who received equal time instruction using a placebo-type treatment;…

Sixty-four existing motion picture tests are listed and briefly described. Included are tests of perception, memory, abstract reasoning, attention span, and language. (RC)

In a study of spatial orientation, 40 boys and 40 girls from kindergarten and first grade placed a series of objects in front, behind, and beside themselves, and in front, behind, and beside other objects. Some objects had distinguishable front and back sides; others lacked such features. Placements were highly consistent within and across…

Two concepts predominate in studies of spatial invasion: territoriality (personalization and defense of a fixed spatial area) and personal space (a portable area surrounding the individual, which is responsive to environmental change). Spatial invasions were carried out by occupying a marked seat (invade condition), and adjacent seat (adjacent…

This study examined the effect of grouping teachers and students by conceptual level (CL) upon the teachers' information handling behavior. Twenty secondary school teachers were divided into two groups of 10 HCL and 10 LCL teachers according to their scores of the Paragraph Completion Test. Forty pairs of sixth graders were formed, each pair…

A previous study by Begg and Pavio found that subjects presented with concrete sentences were able to detect subsequent changes in meaning better than changes in wording. In contrast, with abstract sentences, wording changes were detected with greater facility than were changes in meaning. The present study assesses the effect of comprehension on…

A new philosophy for science and technology is initiated in this paper for educational purposes. Cattell's theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence is analyzed. Science is described as a loose process of rejecting conjectures with temporarily accepted emerging ones used as alternative ways of explaining phenomena. The emerging conjectures…