The article describes a study to determine how instruction on the distinction between two theoretical ideas will affect the intake, interpretation, and recall of new information related to but different from the first. (Author/SB)

Even among individuals operating at Piaget's highest cognitive level (Formal Operations Stage) there is a range of behaviors on important cognitive characteristics. Various substages and their performance criteria are suggested. (JD)

Three task context factors that form obstacles to generalizing logical reasoning strategies for adolescents are discussed. The relationship between these obstacle factors and Piagetian theory is explored. Findings suggest that it is possible to make some predictions about how and when logical mechanisms will be generalized to new situations.…

Presents a theoretical model that attempts to lessen the fragmentation of skill instruction in social studies. The model uses reasoning as a goal toward which social studies instruction can move. Curriculum implications relative to skill coordination are discussed. (Author/DB)

The two groups were not significantly different on tests of lipreading and reception of signed English, but the hearing Ss were superior on tests of nonverbal reasoning and perceptual speed. Hearing Ss were greatly superior on a test of verbal reasoning. (Author/DLS)

Reports three experiments to investigate differences in the semantic classification of pictures and words. The data suggest that visual short-term memory and semantic memory operate in semantic-decision tasks though these sources of information differ in characteristics, potential for activation, and level of abstraction. (PMJ)

Reviews various definitions of the concept of distance and suggests that basic notions regarding distance require directed learning. Identifies challenges regarding relative distance for geography researchers and teachers. (Author/DB)

Analyzes the meaning of Piaget's concept of abstraction and provides discussion of some of its shortcomings. (HM)

Using recognition tests with new and old exemplars (multiple-component characters) and prototypes (common components), the traditional language learning technique of paired-associate training with exemplars of Chinese characters and specific English translations led to the poorest performance of the three methods tested. Learning either exemplars…

Presented is a theoretical, hierarchical model of abstraction designed to provide a systematic theoretical framework for future research into abstract learning. A test of the model with 149 subjects supported the assumption that the hierarchical model of abstraction is valid. (SL)

The political influence of liberal reformers and philosophers at the time of World War I is discussed. (JD)

Article states that abstract thought and immediate self-representation or consciousness of "being-in-the-world" are not mutually exclusive, and that the integration of past with present, future or possible with actual, etc., enhances the immediacy of experiencing. (RW)

The nature of computational linguistics, and formulation of problems in literary analysis to which this approach can be applied, are considered. A review of current work in this field and an illustration of how this work might be used in an analysis of Shakespeare's writing are presented. (RW)

Discusses the tutorial process in problem-based learning (PBL) and how it can be used to cultivate higher order thinking skills. Considers the role of the problem, collaboration among peers, the facilitator role, and the importance of student reflection. PBL principles are applied to instruction of gifted students. (DB)

Three experiments examined strategies for solving suppositional deductions to compare control structures proposed by rule theory and model theory. Puzzles were based on assertors who may be truth-tellers and their assertions about their truth-telling status. Reasoners made backward and forward inferences, found generating suppositions difficult,…