IN ORDER TO MAKE A MACHINE THAT CONVERTS WRITTEN TEXT INTO SPOKEN LANGUAGE (READING MACHINE), IT WOULD BE NECESSARY TO MAP SENTENCES OF WRITTEN ENGLISH ONTO CORRESPONDING SENTENCES OF SPOKEN ENGLISH, IN A CONVERSION WHICH THE AUTHOR CALLS "SYNTHETIC ELOCUTION." IN THIS TYPE OF CONVERSION, THE ASSIGNMENT OF PROSODIC FEATURES TO SENTENCES…

DATA ON CHARACTERISTICS OF 324 SECOND SEMESTER FRESHMEN AT WEST VALLEY COLLEGE WERE ANALYZED BY USE OF THE "PATTERN SEARCH AND TABLE TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE". A COMPUTER WAS PROGRAMMED TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF RELATIONSHIP AMONG CHARACTERISTICS. THE COMPUTER PRINTOUT WAS IN THE FORM OF COMPLETE SENTENCES CONCERNING SUCH RELATIONSHIPS.…

THIS IS AN UP-DATED EDITION OF ARIZONA STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION'S 1939 "INSTRUCTION OF BILINGUAL CHILDREN" PUBLICATION. ITS PURPOSE IS TO PRESENT THE PRINCIPLES OF MODERN LINGUISTIC SCIENCE AS THEY RELATE TO TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE. AREAS COVERED INCLUDE THE PROBLEMS OF BILINGUAL CHILDREN, IMPORTANCE OF A FRIENDLY…

THE VARIOUS PROCESSES AND CONTROLS INVOLVED IN THE VARIATION OF EYE MOVEMENTS ACCORDING TO READING MATERIAL ARE DISCUSSED. RELEVANT RESEARCH LITERATURE IS CITED, AND AREAS REQUIRING ADDITIONAL RESEARCH ARE OUTLINED. LANGUAGE TEXT CONTROL AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AS POSSIBLE LOCI OF CONTROL FOR EYE MOVEMENTS ARE EXPLORED. EVIDENCE SUPPORTING…

DESIGNED FOR USE IN SECONDARY CLASSES FOR THE DEAF, THIS DICTIONARY LISTS OVER 4,000 IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS. FOR EACH IDIOM, THE ENTRY MAY INCLUDE VARIANT FORMS, PART OF SPEECH LABEL, STYLE LABEL, DEFINITION, USAGE NOTE, ILLUSTRATIVE SENTENCES, CROSS REFERENCES, A SYNONYM OR CONTRAST, AND ETYMOLOGY. AN APPENDIX LISTS ESSENTIAL IDIOMS. THIS DOCUMENT…

THE OVERLY STRINGENT APPLICATION OF THEORIES OF RULE-GOVERNED GRAMMAR TO LANGUAGE TEACHING CAN CAUSE PROBLEMS FOR THE LEARNER. ELABORATION OF A RULE OF GRAMMAR IN ADVANCE OF DRILL HOLDS THREE DANGERS--(1) THE FALSE SECURITY WHICH RESULTS WHEN THE STUDENT FEELS THAT HE HAS LEARNED SOME ELEMENT OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION BECAUSE HE CAN STATE THE RULE,…

THIS STUDY COMPARED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO METHODS OF ACQUISITION OF GRAMMAR BY CHILDREN. SPEECH DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN EXPOSED TO "EXPANSION" (REPEATING NEAREST COMPLETE SENTENCE APPROPRIATE TO CHILD'S PARTIAL STATEMENT) AND "MODELING" (EXPOSURE TO WELL FORMED SENTENCES) WERE COMPARED TO SPEECH DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WHO…

A 4-YEAR PROGRAM OF COOPERATIVE ACTIVITY IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION WAS UNDERTAKEN BY 10 MIDWEST COLLEGES. THE BASIC OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAM WAS TO IMPROVE TEACHING AND CURRICULAR PRACTICES FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE MAJORS AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING MAJORS. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF A FULL-TIME COORDINATOR, AN OFFICE FOR THE PROGRAM WAS…

The recent concern for basic writing abilities presumes that writing is the primary context in which one learns to "think," and that such thinking can be generalized to all other academic disciplines. Linguists may ask whether literacy has any effect on mental functioning. If literacy is defined as the ability to record what can be…

This paper makes three arguments reaffirming the overwhelming complexities inherent in any real history of the language of blacks in North America. (1) Although the study of black English, however that term may be defined, is desirable in itself and was profitable for white linguists during the 1960s and early 1970s, it did not and never will do…

Several articles of interest to teachers of English as a second language (ESL) are included. "The Three-Tier Approach to Reading in the Subject Area" described by Trevor McQuinn consists of a procedure for developing lessons based on the need to teach vocabulary, comprehension, and literacy. "Teaching Beginning Reading: An Interview with Virginia…

The skilled performance of conference interpreters has aroused some interest of late, both on the part of interpreters interested in studying their own complex skills, and of psychologists interested in cognitive behavior. Recent theories in this field have concentrated on information processing aspects of the task, and on the role of anticipatory…

Three experiments examined children's ability to perceive two of the elements of textual cohesion--personal reference and conjunction. The first experiment investigated the ability of 76 eight-year-old children to process anaphora in order to distinguish those children who were becoming fluent readers from those who were not. The children were…

An investigation of the naturalistic acquisition of a second language phonology, based on the case of a native Icelandic speaker learning the fricatives and affricates of English, reveals that neither transfer hypothesis nor the developmental hypothesis alone provides an adequate explanation of second language phonological development. This…

This volume contains ten articles and a book review. Josef Vachek talks about "Vilem Mathesius as Forerunner of Contrastive Linguistic Studies." In "Contrastive Generative Grammar and the Psycholinguistic Fallacy," Andrew Chesterman discusses methods for accounting for simplification in foreign language learning. Michael Post compares "English…