To determine student readiness in any academic subject, teachers must determine individual levels of cognitive competencies children possess.

Sociolinguistics is the study of language as part of culture and society. Counselling, basically a linguistic-communicative process, has too often failed to consider systematic knowledge from related fields. This article discusses basic concepts of sociolinguistics and considers their relation to the counselling process. (Author)

Discusses the development of the French language in America up to the end of the 18th century. Supported by linguistic portraits of public figures of the time, it is shown that the importance of French increased particularly after the Revolutionary War. (MS)

Theory is important in a practical sense in training EFL teachers. Theoretical principles that should be taught are: linguistics (generative), language in terms of what people do when they use it, language rules and creativity, transformational-generative model, psychological and sociological speech situations, and paralinguistic features. (SCC)

This article discusses the relationship between human gestures and the development of Chinese characters. The four main principles of Chinese writing are outlined, and the characters are discussed in terms of whole bodily attitudes, spatial relationships, and foot and manual gestures. (CLK)

This article discusses the psychology of second language learning, and specifically comments on Gantier's book on the teaching of foreign languages. (Text is in French.) (CLK)

The establishment and development of the English language in Australia is investigated. Present Australian pronunciation is compared to popular London pronunciation of the late 18th century, and today's general Received English is compared to both. (RM)

An experiment was conducted to determine the conditions under which selective imitation of relative clauses could be produced in preschool. Imitation training was more effective than modeling alone, and instructions and reinforcements were effective in an additive manner. Implications for the role of imitation in language development are…

Compares the error-grading system of Zydatiss (in 'Linguistik und Didaktik', No. 24, 1975) with examples from the "Natural L2 (Second Language) Acquisition" project, and raises the question of how far it is possible for a teacher to utilize the approach of a self-guided language-learning process. (IFS/WGA)

Reports poor scores for college students asked to define the meanings of ten foreign words placed in and out of context. Urges news writers to use words familiar to the audience, or else to provide parenthetical or other explanations of unfamiliar or foreign words. (RL)

Compares the linguistic performance of the students in three grades exhibiting different levels of performance on five selected Piaget-type tasks, and identifies those tasks which differentiated significantly between the cognitive levels and the linguistic performance of the subjects. (Author/GA)

Shows how Spanish may be used in the language arts classroom through vocabulary study, etymological study, literature translation, and the study of both language borrowing and code-switching in writing. (DD)

Discusses the problem of the lack of native speakers to judge grammatical acceptability in analyzing a dead language such as Latin, and proposes an analysis on the level of linguistic performance. (AM)

A mail survey was conducted in 1977-78 to determine American Hispanists' perceived needs in research tools for Spanish and Portuguese literatures/linguistics. This article summarizes the study's findings and its recommendations as to which projects should receive the support of the National Endowment for the Humanities. (KM)