Investigates the structure of information in all sections of the medical research paper. Findings identify an eleven-move schema, out of which nine were found to be "normally required" and two "optional." Each schema was found to embody "constituent elements" and to be characterized by distinct linguistic features. (36 references) (Author/CK)

Summarizes proceedings of the second Conference on Navajo Orthography held in Window Rock, Arizona, in 1976. The conference was noteworthy for establishing writing conventions for word boundaries in Navajo and for establishing the Navajo Language Academy, charged with making recommendations for the resolution of problems associated with Navajo…

Reports how children's language skills and mothers' book-reading strategies predict mastery of word inflections in a sample of Finnish children. Three theoretical models were tested on the longitudinal data using path analyses. Suggests direct developmental continuity from producing words and multiword utterances on later inflectional growth, but…

Shows how language processing is intimately tuned to input frequency. Examples are given of frequency effects in the processing of phonology, phonotactics, reading, spelling, lexis, morphosyntax, formulaic language, language comprehension, grammaticality, sentence production, and syntax. (Author/VWL)

Considers the proposed developmental sequence of formula>low-scope>pattern>construction in the emergence of future expression in a longitudinal study of adult learners of English as a Second Language. Findings suggest that the use of formulaic expressions may be subject to individual variation and that learners may use formulaic…

This partial replication of an earlier study that found second language (L2) learners of Spanish have trouble simultaneously attending to meaning and form of aural input addresses the effect of modality on attention to meaning and form by including a written mode and using English as a Second Language. Revealed listening was more difficult than…

Raises a number of methodological questions about the universality of commonly applied linguistic categories by offering a critical reading of the adverbial "evidently" as it appears in a corpus of contemporary research articles. Analyzes the adverbial from three general vantage points: its function as hedge or booster; the way it intervenes in…

Provides an overview of recent advances in research on motivation to learn a foreign or second language (L2) and to create the theoretical context of the articles contained in this special issue of the journal. (Author/VWL)

Investigated the role of gesture in and of itself and in conjunction with speech in creating zones of proximal development (ZPD) for second language learning and teaching. A university student of English, newly arrived in the United States was videorecorded once a week in conversational interaction with an American graduate student, an English-as…

Assessed Hong Kong tertiary students' readiness for learner autonomy in language learning by examining their views of their responsibilities and those of their teachers, their confidence in their ability to operate autonomously, and their assessment of their level of motivation to learn English. (Author/VWL)

Presents a case study of the development of intercultural competence in a German-American e-mail partnership by examining the electronic interaction produced in this exchange within the framework of appraisal theory, a Hallidayan-inspired linguistic approach to the investigation of evaluative language. (VWL)

Explores policy, practice, and research issues related to teaching and learning mathematics in multilingual classrooms in South Africa. Focuses on code-switching in multilingual mathematics classrooms. Points to the significance of language as power in mathematics education settings. Demonstrates the need for researching the relationship between…

Investigates the cultural accommodation hypothesis in questionnaire-based research: Do respondents adjust their responses in a way that reflects the cultural values associated with the language of the questionnaire. A test of this hypothesis with a sample of university students in seven countries indicates that cultural accommodation plays an…

Analyzes autobiographical narratives and uses the collective story as a format to tell personal stories of learning and teaching English in different sociocultural contexts. Discusses how local, socioculturally-situated knowledge can contribute to the knowledge of the discipline and a re-visioning of the field. (Author/VWL)

This contrastive analysis of English and Thai illustrates how language teachers can become more aware of the mother tongue of their foreign language learners and how this can be helpful in seeing and addressing the difficulties they have in learning English as a Second or Foreign Language. (Author/VWL)