The paper reviews findings and implications of curriculum based assessment (CBA), an approach focusing on collecting, interpreting, and using data to help lower achieving students have opportunities for success in mainstreamed settings. An instructional delivery model is presented to guage the probability of task success and provide a structure…

To determine the effects of interruptions on teachers' and pupils' morale and work, a descriptive correlational study was conducted using a survey of 65 teachers and 62 pupils in 8 urban elementary schools. The survey, conducted from November 1980 through June 1981, consisted of open-ended and closed-ended items and was administered to teachers…

The yearly increase in the number of learning disabled (LD) students is considered, and it is suggested that the increase is one symptom of school systems' unwillingness to deal with the problems or underachievement. A need exists for special educators to differentiate between LD and underachieving students. Three alternatives to the problem are…

This document discusses the importance of time management for learning-disabled students and techniques to enhance the teaching of time management skills. Teaching effective time management calls for consideration of the student's readiness to learn new material, effective transitions between activities, clear prioritization of educational…

Although research suggests that highly test anxious subjects are often motivated to escape from situations in which they are being evaluated, many persons in experimental situations do not see escape as an option. To examine the behavior of test anxious persons in aversive test situations, 60 college students, who were assessed as being high or…

The principles of behavior analysis and basic behavioral definitions were utilized by clinical pharmacy students within an interdisciplinary setting to recognize and reinforce the spontaneously occurring on-task desirable behaviors of an 8-year-old hyperactive, attention deficit disordered child. Data gathered by pharmacy students from a case…

This paper addresses four issues in the design and execution of behavioral observation in classrooms. These four issues relate to the consequences of using different observation intervals, schedules of observation, student sampling methods, and definitions of on-task and off-task behavior for reliability, means, and correlations of time on-task…

Procedures used to select classes for an intensive study of change processes in teacher and student classroom behavior resulting in increases in academic learning time are discussed. Included in the text are sections on the philosophy of the intervention, the procedures and methodology to be used, the history of selection, the instructional model,…

A study of children's behavior over three years of infant schooling (at five through seven years of age) included setting, teacher student interaction, student background, and social mode. Findings indicate that the youngsters spent most time-on-task at individual activities, with much less time spent in social or procedural activities. (Author/CB)

Examination of the influence of peer tutors on the academic learning time (ALT) of three moderately/severely mentally-retarded handicapped students in adapted physical education indicated that the presence of peer tutors had a positive effect on the ALT. (Author/CB)

Concurrent use of two direct observation instruments (momentary time sample of task engagement and event recording of discrete student responses) were evaluated in six middle school resource rooms using either of two reading programs. Findings tended to be program specific with differences lost or diluted when data were combined across programs.…

As teaching has come to be defined as a skill which embodies both science and art, research on it has also changed. This article discusses this theoretical development, assesses the extent to which different teaching processes and outcomes have been enhanced, and hypothesizes about future developments. (JL)

The article reviews research on the effects of the three components of instructional time--allocated time, used time, and engaged time. Evidence that use of time is a powerful variable in student learning is applied to the instruction of hearing impaired students. (Author/DB)

Four preschoolers (ages 4-5) received self-instructional training in overt and covert self-verbalizations. Treatment effects were evident in the training setting. Generalization of self-verbalizations to the classroom setting was related to changes in performance accuracy, on-task behavior, and efficiency in completing academic work. (Author/JW)

Recent research findings relating to time-on-task have had little effect on school practice. One cause was reducing the findings to an oversimplified statement that equated more time with more learning. Offers ways that schools can increase time-on-task. (CJH)