American education has always considered the non-standard or sub-standard form of speech used by children to be an imperfect copy of standard English. The defects of this approach have now become a matter of urgent concern in the face of the tremendous educational problems of the urban ghettos. This paper reverses the usual focus and looks…

This volume contains 10 reports of research designed to study the mind of the child and the effects of sequence and process of learning on elementary school children and their writing. Specific purposes, procedures, conclusions, and needed further research are indicated for three studies on the process of written composition, four studies on…

Wukari and Takum, two dialects of Jukun, are studied in this text, intended for both the trained linguist and the less trained student. The Jukun tribe is estimated to number 25,000 people living in the Benue River sections of Nigeria. Although the study is not intended to be comparative, some statements are included that indicate the patterned…

Disciplines interested in communication have failed to describe adequately the comprehension or production of taboo or dirty words with the result that little is known about the phenomenon. A review of research leads to the assumption that taboo word comprehension and production are the result of some or all of the following elements of the…

This collection of 31 papers is the second resulting from the Polish-English Contrastive Project. The overall purposes of the project are to prepare a Polish-English contrastive grammar and to develop pedagogical material. The basic model used for the research is the transformational generative one. This volume is divided into three sections: (1)…

This textbook presents the study of Chinese through the use of English grammar in the hopes of moderating the extremes of the direct method and of structural analysis. It is intended to cover a one-year course, or six semester hours of introductory Chinese. The book contains 16 lessons, of which the first seven use romanized phonetic forms and…

In a brief introduction, this article expresses the concern that the concentration on the external components in audiolingually-oriented foreign language programs has diverted attention from the instructional fundamentals of time, learning processes, environmental structure, and teacher and student roles. A review of such basic principles of the…

Every individual's needs will differ, and a unit/credit system must be designed with sufficient flexibility to ensure that whatever the individual's interest in language learning, the system caters to it. The thesis of this paper is that, while a grammatical approach to language teaching cannot cater to it, a communicative approach can. A…

This supplementary offering for English-as-a-second-language courses was prepared to help isolate and treat most of the "goofs" that students regularly make in speaking and writing English. Each error is presented in its grammatical context, and chapters are arranged on the basis of groups of errors that fall together structurally. Included are…

This book is one of a series prepared in connection with the Survey of Behavioral and Social Sciences (BASS) conducted between 1967 and 1969. The primary goal of the report is to provide a balanced statement of the past accomplishments, present status, and future prospects of anthropology. Although selective, the report attempts a great deal: 1)…

The guidelines presented here consider important questions of English language proficiency for foreign students entering colleges and universities in the United States. Several problems are discussed: admissions, measurement of proficiency, responsibility of the institution, administration of the English-as-a-second-language (ESL) program, ESL and…

The purpose of this study is to examine the English-language performance of bilingual children so that patterns of difficulty may be ascertained and intelligent decisions can be made in designing language training for these students. The document first provides a review of relevant literature defining bilingualism, inherent characteristics of…

The conditions for the acquisition of communicative competence in standard English must be considered in the case of language learning by immigrants, indigenous minority language groups, and speakers of Black English. The crucial factor in language learning is the relationship between the minority group and the local society. Among immigrant…

The domains of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) are those spheres of concern involving persons who speak languages other than English or dialects of English other than the standard. This clientele has been classified traditionally in terms of programs in English as a foreign language, English as a second language, English…

This cumulative bibliography lists the research and instructional materials completed by October 30, 1976, under NDEA Title VI, Section 602. The bibliography is designed for use by scholars, curriculum specialists, and program planners concerned particularly with the teaching and learning of foreign languages and the availability of instructional…