Although the distinction between verbal ability and spatial ability is fundamental in all models of human abilities, differences in the relative strengths of verbal and spatial abilities have failed to show consistent interactions with instructional treatments. This study investigated the hypothesis that spatial tests measure different abilities…

Effects of three variables (learner, task, and treatment characteristics) on subject performance in two basic learning paradigms (Visual discrimination or "matching" and paired-associate tasks) were studied. (Author/RC)

Article described selected programs in member schools and colleges investigated by SCADE during 1973 in order to assess current objectives, practices, and outcomes of these programs, determine their probable future directions and learn ways in which the NCA could be of assistance. (Author/RK)

Using a sample of 77 10th grade boys, the researchers studied the relationships between the mental abilities measured by the Differential Aptitude Tests and cerebral dominance (CD: the extent to which one hemisphere of the brain dominates the other for control of behavior). The surprise finding was that CD was negatively related to spatial…

Argues that the Coleman results make a great deal more sense when the test score results are interpreted as reflecting aptitude instead of achievement. (Author/ROF)

Develops a testing procedure based on a model including treatment effects on residual variances. (Author/RC)

To investigate questions concerning relationships among students' cognitive processes, aptitudes, later achievement and attitudes, and direct instruction, fifth- and sixth-grade students (N=72) were randomly assigned to one of six classes using a factorial assignment of ability level crossed with attitude. The questions addressed were: (1) What…

Individual difference variables that are potentially related to cognitive mapping skills were examined, and good and poor cognitive mappers were compared in terms of those variables. Good and poor cognitive mappers were identified on the basis of the accuracy of their spatial knowledge about their own community. Four categories of individual…

Since the 1950's psychological research has attempted to define adaptive behavior, i.e., competence. To develop a system for explaining effective behavior, an international team of researchers developed a conceptualization of competent behavior which included three components: coping behaviors, motivation, and attitudes. A set of internationally…

This study attempts to establish the ability of a panel of five judges with varied mathematics background to distinguish between two types of mathematical tests by separating their component items when they are presented in a mixed pool of aptitude and achievement tests. Typically, the two tests show high correlation. The judges showed about 70%…

The performance of two groups of non-native English speakers on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and an appropriate verbal aptitude test was examined. One group of graduate applicants took both TOEFL and the verbal section of the Aptitude Test of the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE). Another group of undergraduate applicants…

The educational literature on tutoring programs indicates definite and positive effects on the academic performance and attitudes of those who receive tutoring. Such students outperform their peers on examinations, and they express more positive attitudes toward the subjects in which they are tutored. Tutoring programs also have positive effects…

Developmental and individual differences in mathematical aptitude were investigated as a function of knowledge structure and processing variables. Results indicated the relative importance of knowledge structure and strategy skills in aptitude test performance. Protocol data further elaborated the interrelationships between knowledge and process…

THE REVISION OF THE HISKEY-NEBRASKA TEST OF LEARNING APTITUDE (H-NTLA) WAS UNDERTAKEN TO MODERNIZE THE TEST MATERIALS, TO EXTEND THE TEST, AND TO PROVIDE UP-TO-DATE NORMS ON DEAF SUBJECTS AND HEARING SUBJECTS. THE ITEMS CONSIDERED FOR THE REVISION WERE ADMINISTERED TO NORMAL HEARING, DEAF, AND RETARDED SUBJECTS AGED 3 TO 17 YEARS. FOLLOWING THE…