Analyzed students' reasoning with fractions. Found that skilled students applied strategies specifically tailored to restricted classes of fractions and produced reliable solutions with a minimum of computation effort. Results suggest that competent reasoning depends on a knowledge base that includes numerically specific and invented strategies,…

Children's responses to an alternative model over three lessons were described and their learning assessed in a posttest. Their responses and performances were compared to that of a similar group of children learning through a conventional number line model. The two models were compared from practical and theoretical viewpoints. (Author/CW)

Behavioral, neuropsychological, and brain imaging research points to a dedicated system for processing number that is shared across development and across species. This foundational Approximate Number System (ANS) operates over multiple modalities, forming representations of the number of objects, sounds, or events in a scene. This system is…

A widely recognized concern in elementary school mathematics education is that teachers' understanding of the mathematical curricular content generally appears quite fragmented, sparsely connected, and procedurally oriented. This pilot study applies methods of educational neuroscience to investigate and improve preservice teachers' learning and…

These item specifications were developed as a part of the Arkansas "Minimum Performance Testing Program" (MPT). There is one item specification for each instructional objective included in the MPT. The purpose of an item specification is to provide an overview of the general content and format of test items used to measure an…

This is an effective drill and practice activity that does not use consumable materials. It does not teach math facts, algorithms or concepts. It provides immediate feedback to the learner and can be easily modified for use in many curriculum areas. It is self correcting because the student can identify errors without assistance and provides…

This module is the eighth in a series of 12 learning modules designed to teach occupational mathematics. Blocks of informative material and rules are followed by examples and practice problems. The solutions to the practice problems are found at the end of the module. Specific topics covered include comparison of numbers, pure numbers, denominate…

Five sets of activities for students are included in this document. Each is designed for use in junior high and secondary school mathematics instruction. The first Note concerns mathematics on postage stamps. Historical procedures and mathematicians, metric conversion, geometric ideas, and formulas are among the topics considered. Successful…

This study focuses on basic mathematical skills mastered by middle school students. A test designed for the investigation was administered to 400 seventh- and eighth-grade pupils in three middle schools in Houston, Texas. The test, which focuses on fractions, was administered by the regular mathematics teacher during the mathematics class period…

This mathematics textbook, developed for use with slow learners and learning disabled students in secondary school, contains 17 chapters. Among the topics covered are: number words; place value; rounding whole numbers; addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers; reducing fractions; mixed numbers; lowest common…

A program of mathematics instruction for grade one is provided in this curriculum guide. The teaching goal of each lesson is stated in the Purpose section. Visual aids and manipulative materials useful in developing each lesson are suggested and additional teaching aids are listed. Suggestions for teaching the lessons are separated into three…

Reports the third grade and seventh grade results of the fourth mathematics assessment of the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Summarizes the major results of the performance on number, operations, and word problem items. Some examples of data are given. (PK)

Suggests that by using elementary concepts and arithmetic methods it is possible to find many interesting aspects of mathematics. The activities could be used to allow students to make individual discoveries about mathematics. (PK)

This article discusses the classroom use of discovery of number pattern. Provided are examples of a table of squares, multiplications of numbers, and algebraic expressions. (YP)

Insights from both cognitive psychology and learning disabilities intervention research are presented to improve understanding of the processes by which number fact fluency develops. Discussion includes assessment guidelines and learning strategies such as counting all, counting on, and alternative groupings. (Author/JDD)