Ninety educable mentally retarded (EMR) adolescents listened to recorded material with and without oral advance organizers in an evaluation of the effectiveness of instructional techniques derived from subsumption learning theory on their learning and retention of meaningful information. Ss were randomly assigned to either an experimental group,…

Assessed were the effects of verbal placeholding and full verbal rehearsal (verbalizing aloud the critical components and sequence) on the direction following behavior of 14 institutionalized retarded adolescents (mean IQ 48). A control group from the same institution participated in practice sessions without the verbal rehearsal stress. Pre- and…

This paper suggests that language teachers reconsider their approach to listening comprehension, as recent studies seem to indicate that listening is not a passive but a highly active skill. The importance of listening comprehension as an independent skill is stressed in the first section, and principles of speech processing from which the…

The importance of a good listening program in the upper-elementary grades was emphasized. Perhaps the biggest listening problem with these students, the author said, is to teach them to read as they listen. Suggestions were offered as to how to build listening skills. The separate communicative skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing…

The studies reported here are a continuation of research into the comprehension of time-compressed speech by normal college students. In the Listening Aid Study II, an experiment was designed to retest the advantages of the precis as a listening aid when the precis expressed the overall meaning of a passage. Also, a new listening aid was…

To explore the effects of listening instruction on first graders' achievement and, specifically, to assess improvement in listening comprehension and determine the effect of listening instruction on achievement in reading comprehension are the purposes of this study. Six first grade classes were randomly assigned to three groups. A program of…

This paper describes some of the problems pertaining to teaching reading and aural comprehension in English as a second language, suggests some of the potential uses of programed learning in solving them, and reports on some of the approaches developed at the Economics Institute of the University of Colorado. While an increasing amount of adequate…

Designed to measure recall of specific information, ability to grasp the thought of a passage as a whole, and ability to apply various contextual clues while listening to a passage of aural communication, each of the alternate forms of the cloze listening test consists of an audio tape recording of approximately twenty minutes duration and a…

Scholars agree that listening is an active rather than a passive process. The listening which makes people achieve higher scores on current listening tests is "second speaker" listening or active participation in the encoding of the message. Most of the instructional suggestions in listening curriculum guides are based on this concept. In terms of…

The model developed here has been designed to help educators become better listeners and thereby better leaders. The model is broken down into an active and a post-active phase. The active phase covers the period of time during which active verbal intercourse is in progress. Concentrative listening, the first skill in the active phase, is that…

This study was designed to compare Negro dialect-speaking first graders' comprehension of material presented in standard English and in Negro dialect. Thirty boys and 30 girls from Title 1 schools in a ghetto area were randomly assigned to a standard English or a Negro dialect treatment group after being stratified as male and female and as high,…

The author discusses a study designed to examine a communications problem from a cognitive processing viewpoint, to determine if a change in the amount of cognitive processing time available to a listener could affect his response to a given message. To specify the internal sources of input brought to a message receiving situation, the author used…

A split class of 10 Year 1 pupils and 20 Year 2 pupils used the Listen Look Learn multi-media program. A Year 1 and a Year 2 class using the regular basal reading program served as control groups. The effectiveness of the Listen Look Learn program was examined by comparing the reading tests scores of the experimental and control groups. To allow…

Prior attitude intensity involvement and salience, along with prior source competence, sociability, composure, extroversion, and character can be used as predictors of recall, of perception of the source's attitude, and of perception of the attitude revealed in the message. The relationship of prior attitudes and credibility to comprehension and…

The results of the administration of the Preschool Language Scale to two succeeding classes of Head Start children (N 174) in a large, heterogeneous school district are reported. The scale is an individually administered instrument divided into receptive and expressive language areas. All children were administered the Preschool Language Scale,…