Several studies have shown that, on average, women perform slightly better than men on free-response tests, while men perform slightly better on multiple-choice tests. Two advanced placement examinations, United States History (USH) and European History (EH), were chosen for study because previous studies have shown that sex differences on the…

This booklet is intended to help counselors guide high school students in exploring nontraditional career options. It provides a brief historical perspective on the significance gender role stereotyping has had on U.S. society in the past, the impact it continues to have on the career decisions being made by current generations of young men and…

In January 1992, the National Council on Education Standards and Testing (NCEST) issued a report "Raising Standards for American Education," which called for the establishment of a national system of educational standards and assessments as a basis for comprehensive reform of U.S. education. This statement is a facsimile of the written…

This brochure, one in a series of four, is designed to assist program directors, teachers, and evaluators evaluate programs to encourage girls in mathematics, science, and engineering. Seven sections cover the why, the what, and some of the how of program evaluation. The first section explains why programs need to be evaluated. The second section…

This book brings together a number of perspectives on building a multicultural dimension into science teaching in the United Kingdom. Part 1 gives a variety of practical ideas for use in multi-ethnic and all-white classrooms, heeding the constraints of the National Curriculum. Part 2 examines the underlying rationale for a multicultural approach…

This study of how race emerges for young children as a plausible explanatory framework for incidents in their everyday lives is based on a school term of observation in each of 3 British urban elementary schools, with over 150 hours of interviews with students, ages 10 and 11 years, in their last 2 years of primary (elementary) schooling. All…

This monograph looks at Chicano participation in higher education to date and pressing issues for increased participation in the 21st century. An exploration of how Chicanos relate generally to the national education system cites low academic achievement which contributes to relative social and cultural isolation. Isolation coupled with…

This documents consists of 12 issues of a journal that seeks to provide information and reviews concerning social studies textbooks; each issue consists of 16 pages. Contents in the 12 issues include: (1) California control over textbook content; (2) "skills" teaching in elementary-level social studies texts; (3) readability formulas;…

Race and ethnicity can be forces for change. Increased attention to ethnicity issues in continuing and higher education in Great Britain would lead to changes in the structure and content of continuing education. Continuing education itself would then serve as a change agent across the university system by providing an antiracist model for other…

Item response theoretic methods are applied to the measurement of achievement of students from various instructional backgrounds. This extended item response theory (IRT) approach serves as a tool for studying instructional bias, or instructional sensitivity. The model maintains the form of an IRT model, but has parameters that quantify the extent…

This review brings diverse research to bear on the contention that current achievement tests may underestimate students' subject-matter knowledge and problem-solving ability because of the mismatch between the symbolic form that typical achievement tests use and the specificity of students' symbolic encoding that arises from instruction and…

It is the authors first day of class in a new tenure-track position. She is a sociologist who had been hired to teach Women's Studies at the University of Calgary, where she completed her master's degree some years before. At 9:00 a.m. she boarded the elevator in the basement of the building. The elevator stops on the main floor and the doors open…

The relationship of differential item functioning (DIF) to item difficulty on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) was examined, based on data from nine recent administrations of the test from June 1986 through December 1987. This pool of information includes item statistics on 765 verbal and 540 mathematical items computed for subgroups of White,…

The issue of black college students and the impact of racism and their ethnic background on their academic success is explored. The black college student is seen as possessing a unique contextual self, borne of a heritage that values, to a very high degree, the family and other people that significantly impact the lives of those with whom they…

A study examined the employment patterns of women working in the United Kingdom's hotel and catering industry and the opportunities for vocational education that would lead to careers in management. Sixty-four women from different sectors of the industry were interviewed (including women in senior and middle management and some still looking to be…