This report deals with the effects of an individual's expectations regarding how he will be tested on what he does during learning and what gets stored in memory. It is maintained that essay exams requiring recall are preferable to objective (recognition) tests. There are some bits of empirical evidence as well as some theoretical reasons to…

Essays on access to the State higher education systems of Nebraska and California and an extensive case study of the open admissions program at the City University of New York are presented. The document indicates the right to a free higher education of a student's choice, criticizes the institutions that allegedly provide open admissions, and…

An anthology of papers for consideration by delegates to the 14th and 15th conferences of the United States National Commission for UNESCO are presented in this book. As a wide-ranging collection of ideas, it is intended to serve as background materials for the conference theme - our responsibility for preserving and defending a human environment…

One method for teaching young people how to interpret literature was defined, and the effects of that method on the responses of ninth grade students to selected short stories were measured. Four English teachers and their 94 students were randomly assigned to two experimental and two control classes. Eight short stories were read during three and…

This report is the result of a study in the fall of 1971 of equivalency testing in English for entering freshmen in California state colleges. The author argues that equivalency testing must satisfy two conditions: (1) the tests should be college level ones, valid for their stated purposes and properly normed, and (2) the tests should be…

Selections from "The Science Teacher" magazine, appearing generally between January 1970 and May 1972, are offered in this compilation. Articles are divided into four sections: (1) A Point of View--personal perspectives on the nature and scope of the environmental problem, (2) Aspects of the Problem--relevant background material, (3) Environmental…

Describes the combined efforts of a writing specialist and a professor of sociology to develop criteria for grading papers in an introductory sociology class. The endeavor was an attempt to find a less time-consuming and less subjective method of grading papers. (Author/AV)

Primary categorical content areas (twelve selected areas, plus "other") of articles published in the Journal of Rehabiliation were analyzed for a twenty-year period to identify trends, areas of concern, and movements within the field of rehabilitation. Tables and discussion indicate findings. Overall, the Journal appears representative,…

Maintaining that language is the expression of a peoples' manner, this essay asserts that the oral literature of the American Indian best exemplifies a national literature in America. (JC)

Teachers as readers would have a more pleasant and stimulating job if they were reading essays that interested them. The step to reading a good paper is designing a good assignment. Some areas that need to be defined for students before they begin to write are outlined. (MLW)

This study sought to determine whether teachers' evaluations of student essays are influenced by sex role expectations. Contrary to similar research on non-teachers, the pre-service and in-service teachers in this study evaluated elementary students' essays consistently, regardless of sex of the author. (Author/JDH)

Details some of the advantages provided by a testing service that evaluates student writing. (NKA)

Analysis of the spelling errors of three college students with varying writing abilities and a history of spelling problems suggests that students must be taught spelling remediation along with vocabulary development and writing, with emphasis on helping students understand the underlying logic and regularity of the writing system and effective…

Essays and essay tests need to be a central feature of every class. Informing students about what is inadequate in their essays and counseling them on how to improve seem to be impossible, time-consuming tasks. The use of codes or abbreviations is described. (MLW)

Impression marking of English Language essay and summary questions by pairs of examiners is shown, as expected, to be more reliable than single marking. Given the limited statistical information available, it is concluded that pairing of examiners can as well be done by random or quasi-random means as by attempts at calculated matching. (Editor/RK)