Argues that studying the history of school supervision can aid understanding of current problems and future possibilities for supervision in schools. Presents a brief history of American school supervision in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (JG)

The processes of staff development, instructional supervision, and teacher evaluation complement and support each other. The connections between and among them are discussed. Recommendations for implementing an integrated system of instructional improvement are made. (Author/MT)

Charles Levy's classic 1973 article outlined a set of basic value-orientations for supervisors. Attempts to operationalize Levy's principles in order to develop practical guidelines for ethical practice. Discusses problem of "careerism" in social worker supervisors. Recommends supervisors examine ethical implications of their behavior.…

Explores issues related to school counselor certification and supervision. Recommends actions to clarify the professional identity of school counselors and contribute to appropriate definitions and descriptions of counselor supervision. (Author)

An effective school playground safety program should emphasize preventive measures such as selecting high-quality equipment, providing close activity supervision, and scheduling frequent ground and equipment maintenance. This article provides program planners with practical suggestions for initial thinking about objectives; staff involvement; and…

Summarizes the National Council of Teachers of English Task Force assessment of four issues regarding teacher competency: (1) who defines competency; (2) the nature of teacher competency tests; (3) the impact of current tests on minority teachers; and (4) the quality and standards of the teaching profession. Includes a bibliography of materials…

Provides a nonthreatening and collegial supervision model for teachers who do not see themselves as being able to profit from instructional improvement statements. Includes a diagram and six references. (Author/MD)

This article reviews recent research on successful evaluation, highlights differences between supervision and evaluation, and discusses alternative philosophies regarding supervision, teaching, and change. Suggestions are presented for staff developers to use in helping a school district to clarify what it believes and to select programs congruent…

Examined and compared both process and outcome variables within supervision. The results support previous findings that emphasized the importance of supervisory support and client-treatment planning for trainees. In addition, the results support a developmental model of supervision. (Author/BL)

Self-, peer, and supervisor ratings were obtained for simulated interviews using seven different measures of counseling performance. Results indicated significant differences among self, peer, and supervisor ratings and among four of the seven dependent measures. (Author/BL)

Discusses supervisee resistance as a defensive response to perceived threat. Coping strategies which interfere with the learning process are seen as resistance. Enumerates various forms of resistant behavior; explores possible sources of threat that may arouse these behaviors, and proposes a step-by-step model for dealing with resistance in…

The Cogan-Goldhammer model of clinical supervision is described and some modifications to it reviewed. The theoretical bases of the model are discussed. (Author/MT)

Designed and pilot-tested the Counselor Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) to measure cognitive growth during counseling supervision. The CPQ yields two scores (Differentiation-D, Integration-I), based on responses to videotaped counseling interviews. The D score differentiated master's level and PhD counseling psychologists at a statistically…

Madeline Hunter replies to the criticism in the previous article. She feels that the current teacher decision-making model is effective. (MD)

This study identifies the expectations and problems of university supervisors of early field experiences. Three broad categories of problems factors emerged. These are dimensions of professionalism, program control, and institutional problems. Implications for structuring field experiences are discussed. (Author/MT)