Investigates the effect of initial blocks of either very good or poor essay question responses on the grades assigned to subsequent essay responses. (Author/DEP)

A study tested the hypothesis that essay examination topics specifying full rhetorical contexts are superior to less information-laden versions of the same topics. Subjects were 360 college students who were given 45 minutes to write essays on 6 topics phrased at 3 information (or specificity of rhetorical context) levels--high, low, and moderate.…

This essay identifies and reviews the major and easily recognizable characteristics of a library discourse and proposes models describing the actual, possible, and necessary modes of library communication. The transmittal of orderly thoughts or information in a library situation differs from a conventional communication pattern. Three unique…

Certain testing procedures will overcome some of the problems associated with the use of essay tests. Essay tests may not validly indicate achievement because the questions included in the test may not fairly represent instructional content. Reliability may be a problem because of variations in examinee response in different situations, in test…

This essay takes up two separate but related issues: how the courts have resolved disputes over race and schooling and how they should resolve such disputes. This essay is in reply to a related essay, in which another author identified the consequences of what he perceived as a minimalist judicial role and called for greater exercise of…

This bibliographical study of colleges and their libraries established during the colonial and early national periods of American history concerns both institutional histories and the availability of books and the nature of the collections in these institutions' libraries. It identifies sources which will aid the library historian and calls…

MUCH OF THE BLAME FOR THE CONDITION OF NEGROES AND OTHERS IN LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES IS LAID UPON THE EDUCATORS IN THE NORTH WHO HAVE SYSTEMATICALLY DEPRIVED NEGROES OF EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES. IF THE CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED MASSES ARE TO BE KEPT FROM MULTIPLYING BEYOND THE ABILITY OF THE UNITED STATES TO CARE…

A GENERAL ESSAY ON THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE NEGRO HISTORY MOVEMENT AND A REVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS DEALING WITH THE HISTORY OF THE NEGROES ARE PRESENTED. THE PUBLICATIONS INCLUDE--"THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM AND RIGHTS--BASIC FACTS ABOUT THE NEGRO IN AMERICAN HISTORY" BY THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND "THE NEGRO IN…

IT IS POINTED OUT THAT AMERICANS WILL BE ATTEMPTING AN ENERGETIC CORRECTION, BY FEDERAL EFFORT, OF SOME OF THE RACIAL TROUBLES WHICH BESET THEM IN NORTHERN CITIES AND IN MORE RURAL SOUTHERN AREAS. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THIS TREND ARE AN AWAKENED NATIONAL CONSCIENCE, A MARKED TENDENCY TO UNDERTAKE, BY PUBLIC MEANS, MATTERS ONCE THOUGHT SUITABLE…

Three sections of information are presented in this report on employment and unemployment. Section 1 discusses how the concepts of employment, unemployment, and the labor force are defined and measured. Included in the discussion is an explanation of the current population survey. Section 2 examines the principal trends and cyclical movements of…

Presenting models describing a monolithic power structure, a pluralist power structure, and variations of these, this paper asserts that the monolithic power structure traditionally associated with rural areas is no longer valid for rural development. It is suggested that the following decision making mandate would serve as a better touch stone…

The purpose of this bulletin is to help the teacher derive the full value from the classroom test as an important educational tool. Principles of good test construction are explained and illustrated. Concrete examples of good procedure and poor procedure are offered. A checklist is presented of the salient points to keep in mind when preparing a…

The purpose of this study is to interpret the recent evolution of graduate education within the context of a larger, interdependent system. Graduate education is now in midpassage, suspended between the euphoria of the past and the uncertainties of the future. The essay's chapters attempt to illuminate the sources of past growth, and by…