Definitions, common usage, and usage distinctions are given for the single English term "user" and the dual French terms "usager" and "utilisateur". (MSE)

Literature is reviewed supporting the notion of translation as a logical operation (translatology), operating with a unit that differs from that used in linguistic theory. Based on the logeme or logical unit, the aim of systematic translatology is to clarify the translation operation, interpretation, and translation criticism. (PMJ)

Discusses fundamental questions about the nature of machine translation and outlines its history. Also describes an experiment in cooperative translation called ITS (Interactive Translation System), evaluating the system's capabilities and predicting future developments. Finally, offers suggestions for translators interested in preparing to use…

Discusses the art of translating literary texts, including the relationship of the translation to the original, linguistic thought with regard to translation, and various translation theories. (AM)

Presents a glossary of scientific neologisms, compiled by the International Committee For Unification of Terminological Neologisms. Entries are presented and defined in French, then glossed in various other languages. (AM)

Suggests that miscommunication is accepted as an inevitable feature of intercultural communication. Points out that psychic unity, the anthropological concept of a fundamental biological homogeneity of man's mental life, is the unexamined property which makes communication of any sort possible. (56 references) (Author/CK)

Suggests that in studying English grammatical structure, English/French translation students establish a broader understanding of the language, which in turn enables them to better tackle the gymnastics of translation. Considers the value of studying the gender categorization of inanimate objects. (SG)

Discusses a didactic model for translation based on textual linguistics that incorporates a model second external reader in the translation process. Although translation is necessarily sentence oriented, this method considers the entire text that must eventually satisfy a pragmatic external purpose. (51 references) (CFM)

Discusses the assumptions underlying the training of technical translators versus technical translation, and their differing notions of quality. Addresses integrating translation and documentation, implications for training, and cross-cultural procedures. (SR)

Translators of the Adult Attitudes toward Continuing Education Scale used a combination of back translation, committee approach, bilingual and decentering techniques, administration to bilinguals, and pilot testing. They recommended careful selection of bilinguals; pragmatic, ethnographic, and linguistic principles; and third to fifth grade…

Focuses on pronouns of address, especially the second person singular, in which many European languages make distinctions according to the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the person addressed. Discusses the problems these distinctions present (especially in literary works) to translators who work in languages where such nuances are…

Argues that nonliterary texts are often so muddled and inaccurate in their formulation that they call for exegesis and in-depth rewriting. Concludes that nonfiction translators become creative in their own right but in a different sense than the one usually connected with these terms in the context of literary translation. (NKA)

Argues that in literary translation, like the case of the two African novels in translation under examination, cross-cultural communication and miscommunication problems may occur. (14 references) (Author/VWL)

Offers a personal view of international technical communication. Discusses computer-assisted translation, machine translation, machine interpreting, and the future of international technical communication. (SR)

A total of 42 of 100 students completed a distance education course on translation from English into Spanish at a Spanish university. Course evaluation indicated that emphasis must be on stimulating students' independent skill acquisition and responsibility, as well as the attitudes and discipline needed for careers as translators. (SK)