Three sections of information are presented in this report on employment and unemployment. Section 1 discusses how the concepts of employment, unemployment, and the labor force are defined and measured. Included in the discussion is an explanation of the current population survey. Section 2 examines the principal trends and cyclical movements of…

Presenting models describing a monolithic power structure, a pluralist power structure, and variations of these, this paper asserts that the monolithic power structure traditionally associated with rural areas is no longer valid for rural development. It is suggested that the following decision making mandate would serve as a better touch stone…

The purpose of this bulletin is to help the teacher derive the full value from the classroom test as an important educational tool. Principles of good test construction are explained and illustrated. Concrete examples of good procedure and poor procedure are offered. A checklist is presented of the salient points to keep in mind when preparing a…

The purpose of this study is to interpret the recent evolution of graduate education within the context of a larger, interdependent system. Graduate education is now in midpassage, suspended between the euphoria of the past and the uncertainties of the future. The essay's chapters attempt to illuminate the sources of past growth, and by…

Pollution of the general environment, which exposes an entire population group for an indeterminate period of time, certainly constitutes a problem in public health. Serious aid pollution episodes have resulted in increased mortality and a possible relationship between chronic exposure to a polluted atmosphere and certain diseases has been…

Selected articles from the first two years of publication of the quarterly journal "Environmental Education" are reprinted in this book together with editorial remarks where appropriate. Contributions from 76 individuals and organizations are included. Chapters deal with the setting for environmental education, definitions and…

"Outlook" publications focus on areas of science and technology in which research can be valuable to industry, government, and society as a whole. Their purpose is to point up significant current problems in those areas and to suggest effective research approaches to their solution. This issue, dealing with changes taking place in our schools and…

The contribution of a 20-minute essay question, given as part of the one-hour achievement test in American History and Social Studies, to the pool of information available on a candidate from an all-objective examination of the College Board Admissions Testing Program is presented in this report. The study limits itself to a consideration of the…

Nine articles by geographers and educators analyze the High School Geography Project (HSGP). A project overview by Angus Gunn presents essential ideas and content of six units and several preliminary reactions. The question of "HSGP exportability" to France and Germany is examined in articles by Maurice Saint-Yves and Robert Geipel…

This essay is an inquiry into the nature of the world order. The author presents a challenging perspective of modern international affairs by discussing the characteristics of the city-state, nation-state, and world-state from the times of the Greeks to the present. (Author/RM)

Suggesting there has been a nationalistic psychology inherent in white America's relationship with the American Indian, this article asserts that the Puritans and 19th century politicians are alike in their inability to accept the idea that Indians have not wanted to live like the white man. (JC)

Describes literary accounts of the trauma of the Blitz and discusses their possible uses in the classroom. (RL)

Analysis of the psychological traits and childhood environments of foremost essayists, historians, and critics (N=42) suggested that, while intelligence was a component of eminence, environmental influences were substantial. Familial, school, and social conditions provided indispensable support during the childhoods of the future essayists.…

Raters judged essays on two occasions making it possible to address the question of whether multiple ratings, however obtained, represent the same true scores. Multiple ratings of a given rater did represent the same true scores, but ratings of different raters did not. Reliability, validity, and invalidity coefficients were computed. (Author/DWH)

Israeli student attitudes toward teacher-made essay versus multiple-choice exams were compared using 174 junior high school students initially and then partially replicated with 101 seventh and eighth grade students. The significance of the results for test construction are discussed, and suggestions are made regarding applications of test…