The strengths and weaknesses of five typical machine-scored test formats are discussed, specific recommendations for format selection are made, and reasons for the importance of format are examined. (MSE)

The cognitive and affective learning of students was investigated under three different quality of instruction conditions: conventional group instruction, mastery learning, and tutoring. The study also examined whether qualities of instruction which are adaptive to individual learning needs alter the relation between initial student…

This study investigated the transfer of four study rules from pictures to a prose recall task by learning disabled adolescents. Subjects receiving extensive direct training that included problem isomorph recognition surpassed the control group on posttests. Instructed subjects did not differ from nondisabled subjects in use of learning strategies.…

Finds no significant differences for immediate learning for students presented material orally and those presented the same material in written form. Shows, however, that students in the oral presentation mode performed significantly better than those in the reading mode on measures of delayed learning. (FL)

Concludes that carefully delineated instruction in summarization skills positively influenced students' use of summarization rules and the quality of their summarization products. (FL)

Concludes that elementary school children taught with a technique involving nonverbal restructuring made significant reading gains over those taught with a question-answer method. (FL)

Concludes that training in a natural instructional setting can improve poor readers' ability to use top-level structure in signaled and nonsignaled passages. (FL)

Article concludes that although there are many factors interacting to cause lack of self-realization, inadequate self-image is most pervasive. The need to investigate causes of poor self-image in order to prevent development of such an attitude, and possibility of modifying feelings of inadequacy through positive interaction, is stated. (Author/RW)

Relations between certain cognitive and attitudinal characteristics and the instructional behavior of elementary school teachers are explored. (MM)

The relationship between the VAT and performance in curricula at three colleges was examined. Results of the regression analysis indicated that, although the combined percentile score of the VAT was found to be correlated with performance in veterinary school, better prediction was possible using only the Science subscale at two of the three…

The purpose of this simulation was to assess the improvements in estimates of standard errors that could be expected if students participating in NAEP were pre-assigned to test booklets that were adapted to their level of performance based on their state assessment scores. Students in extreme quartiles would receive one regular NAEP block and…

According to the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) which compared student performance in mathematics and science in 41 countries in 1995, fourth grade students in the United States perform only slightly above the international average in mathematics. The study showed that most U.S. students are mastering basic arithmetic;…

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of H. Gardner's (1983) theory of multiple intelligences in determining levels of statistics anxiety by correlating each of his dimensions of intelligence with six components of statistics anxiety. Participants were 90 graduate students from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds enrolled in 4…

This book presents the findings of 12 years of research. The data gathered and analyzed from almost 700 samples of children's' graphics show how powerful patterns of cognition (schema) in the early years of development gradually evolves into recognizable forms of writing and mathematics. The goal was to chart the progress of children's thinking…

Measures of the perception of occupational prestige and vocational maturity of high school students were investigated together with other variables. Correlates of the perception of occupational prestige, showing no sex differences, were vocational maturity, educational level associated with father's occupation, educational level required for the…