Recently, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) changed by including a direct writing assessment where examinees choose between computer and handwritten composition formats. Unfortunately, examinees may have differential access to and comfort with computers; as a result, scores across these formats may not be comparable. Analysis of…

The essay on the writing section of the SAT will be scored using a holistic approach. In holistic scoring, a piece of writing is considered as a total piece of work--the whole of which is greater than the sum of its parts.

A reevaluation of novelist Richard Wright's first book, which is a collection of five short stories-- Big Boy Leaves Home,'' Down by the Riverside,'' Long Black Song,'' Fire and Cloud,'' and Bright and Morning Star''--and an introductory essay, The Ethics of Living Jim Crow.'' (JM)

The author, an assistant professor of arts education at the University of South Florida, Tampa, considered the observations made by a high school student on his feelings for music. (RK)

Educator and examiner play similar roles in the education process. Biology examinations in England have undergone changes in recent years. Trends seem toward acceptance of internal assessments, de-emphasizing external practical examinations and replacing essay type examinations with multiple choice tests. (PS)

In terms of examination performance there are no significant differences between users and non-users of mnemonics. This finding does not, therefore, support the view that the use of mnemonics is beneficial to examination performance. (Author)

Discusses study testing the validity and reliability of elementary teachers' evaluation of students' written essays; Form A of test appended; based in part on author's doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado, 1965. (RD)

Works of contemporary Spanish essayists, Pedro Lain Entralgo, Juan Rof Carballo, Jose Luis Aranguren, and Enrique Tierus Galvan, are analyzed. (DS)