Reports that, as Francis Christensen maintains, final free modifiers do occur more frequently in essay sentences by professional writers than in those by college students, but that students' prose is deficient in initial and medial modifiers also. (RD)

Proposition analysis was used to equate the text base of two essays with different readability levels. Easier reading essays were given higher scores than difficult reading essays. The results appear to identify another noncontent influence on essay test scores, leaving increasingly less variance for differences in content. (Author/PN)

The fifth in a series of innovators in the teaching of elementary school science, this essay outlines the contributions of Florence Billig (1890-1967). (CS)

Shows how Muir's writing succeeded in transforming his readers' imaginative experience of scenic grandeur into an obligation to support preservationist legislation. Demonstrates how he influenced the establishment of Yosemite National Park and the preservation of wilderness reserves. (PD)

Using data from the SCRE Criterion Test composition papers, the author tests the hypothesis that the bulk of inter-marker unreliability is caused by inter-marker inconsistency--which is not correctable statistically. He suggests that a shift to "consensus" standards will realize greater improvements than statistical standardizing alone.…

Suggests using paragraph frames or models for helping poor readers recognize and write basic patterns of organization such as listing, time order, cause-effect, comparison-contrast, and character analysis. (MKM)

The author presents intelligence and learning as theoretically and empirically separate concepts. Examining Spearman's "g" factor and the evolution, phylogeny and psychometrics of intelligence, he concludes that "g" is of dominant importance in scholastic learning. He notes some implications for equal educational opportunity.…

Because of serious economic recessions, adult educators are casting about for a unified philosophical core to justify their existence. The Russell report and Venables report attempt to justify adult education. Different interpretations of need entail radically opposing educational concepts. If the formal education concept cannot rest on a unified…

Outlines the development of public library policies and relationships with local government. Discussed are the prototype library, the imbalance of funding between large and small libraries, lack of theory in library education, and implications of the collectivist theory. The need for strong leadership and evaluation of library programs is…