Second- and third-wave organizational development models fail to facilitate long-term school improvement or enhance individual growth and personal competency. The fourth-wave models focus entirely on individual growth as the primary source of overall organizational success, relying on team consultation, collegiality, and cooperative learning for…

A study explored the differences in educational background and role approach among 80 social-work-educated and non-social-work-educated field instructors. Overall, few differences were found, suggesting that the profession's mandate for social-worker-provided field instruction needs to be reexamined. (Author/MSE)

Conducted experiment and three replications in which focus of social work supervision was varied to compare client outcomes under two conditions (mixed focus on administration, training, and clinical consultation versus client-focused supervision). Adult outpatients reported significantly greater satisfaction under client-focused supervision.…

Identified and transcribed 27 supervisor interventions from third and fourth counseling sessions of 16 counseling dyads to examine underlying dimensions of interventions. Results revealed six dimensions that characterized supervisor interventions: Directing-Instructing versus Deepening; Cognitive Clarification versus Emotional Encouragement;…

Results of national survey (n=331) examining training and involvement of school psychologists in supervision indicated that one-quarter of sample had some graduate coursework or training in supervision. Only 11.2% of sample received this training in school psychology programs. Compared to number actually involved in supervision, more school…

Classroom artifacts, physical objects produced by teachers or students for specific instructional purposes, have a special importance in science instruction. Article uses three examples of supervisory styles (directive, collaborative, and nondirective) to illustrate how a supervisor might approach the use of artifacts while assisting a science…

Field trips are troublesome for educators, because normal responsibilities may be exacerbated by supervision and transportation requirements. Forms should be very comprehensive as to field-trip description, objectives, provisions, special instructions to students, and liability-release statements. Emergency preparedness and specific supervision…

Student-assembled collages can be used to trigger reflective questioning and enable students to view situations from multiple perspectives. When used in clinical supervision of nursing students, they help clarify issues and develop awareness of personal values and meanings related to nursing practice. (SK)

Proposes an approach for supervising mental health counseling interns that integrates the developmental model of Littrell, Lee-Borden, and Lorenz, and Bernard's discrimination model. This approach integrates supervisor role, intern skills, and stages of the supervision process. It provides a practical tool for conceptualizing and implementing the…

Relates stories told by science supervisors (N=9) about a novice science teacher each had supervised. Analyzes the metaphorical statements the supervisors made about teachers and teaching. Concludes that autobiographical stories can be used to communicate values about teaching. Contains 26 references. (DDR)

Elaborates an approach to self-supervision that is consistent with constructive therapies, though the intention is to provide flexible guidelines that can accommodate a range of supervisory activities. In order to construct the identity of a self-sustaining therapist, a process of "constructive inquiry" is used to connect the case story,…

Results of a study of 87 school social workers indicated that fewer than 25% received supervision from a social worker. Individual plans for professional development included consultation with other professionals outside their school district, peer consultation groups, inservice meetings, conferences and workshops, supervision from school…

School districts must properly manage volunteers to protect children from negligent behavior. Districts can reduce the risk of using volunteers by developing volunteer-management policies and procedures; maintaining adequate liability insurance; developing descriptions of volunteer responsibilities; screening interested persons; and providing…

Central-office administrators can help counter principals' defeatist attitudes about teacher dismissal by communicating their values and standards, helping principals gain confidence, providing training, minimizing contractual restraints, and providing social and emotional support. Examining barriers to action from the principal's viewpoint is…

Applies Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives to the process of counseling supervision. Uses taxonomy as a means to help supervisors encourage the growth of cognitive complexity in supervisees. Provides examples of supervision questions for each level of the taxonomy. (Author/JDM)