In this naturalistic study of essay marking, 15 university lecturers graded an examination paper and completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. A significant positive correlation was found between the marks given and the grader's lie score, indicating possible effects of staff-student interactions or social desirability on biases in grading.…

Critics of the two-year community college argue that working class and non-White students are overrepresented in two-year schools and underrepresented at elite public and private four-year schools. Available data do not support the claims of community college advocates that vocational education leads to economic security and social mobility.…

Problems in improving the reliability of essay marks are examined in this Australian study that considers the markings of 338 essays, each marked by one of 13 graders. It is concluded that improvement is needed but the changes necessary for the improvement are not feasible. (LC)

Test-retest correlations can lead to biased reliability estimates when there is instability of true scores and/or when measurement errors are correlated. Using three administrations of the Test of Standard Written English and essay ratings, an analysis is demonstrated which separates true score instability and correlated errors. (Author/BW)

The methodology and results of a study of 6th graders' writing and spelling abilities are described, in addition to the advantages and disadvantages of holistic and primary trait scoring procedures. An effective way of providing useable evaluation information to prinicipals and teachers is included. (RL)

This paper elaborates on the work of Cardinet, and others, by clarifying some points regarding calculations, specifically with reference to existing computer programs, and by presenting illustrative examples of the calculation and interpretation of several generalizability coefficients from a complex six-facet (factor) design. (Author/RL)

An essay on the relationship of the visual arts to learning, particularly general vs professional art education, the question of artistic activity-making art vs viewing art, and the content of the visual arts. (Author/SJL)

After a brief reminder of the essentials of the Structure-of-Intellect model, this paper points out what this model can tell us about the nature of learning, the imbalances in education and intelligence testing, about procedures for fostering intellectual growth, and about other incidental educational problems. (Author)

Problems of rural development in less developed countries and ways of organizing a foreign aid program are examined. (MF)

Women of Asian ancestry have faced sex role stereotyping and discrimination as well as racial discrimination both in their own and American cultures since they immigrated to this country. (Author/EB)

Planning-programming-budgeting systems (PPBSs) place new demands on administrators and teachers, and responses to the innovation vary according to prior orientations, styles of work, and the manner in which the program is brought into the routine life of the school or district. (Author/EB)

Describes the administrative framework, government sector, private commercial sector, critical issues, and suggestions for improvement of the U.S. preparation for the World Administrative Radio Conference. The meeting, which will focus on long-term policymaking, is scheduled for September 1979. (CMV)

Details examples of prejudice, suggesting underlying reasons for the same, on the part of professional librarians concerning distribution of the Women's History Research Center's microfilm series. It is concluded that, until prejudice is overcome, the intellectual analysis of gender roles so necessary to changing status of women will be…

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 represented the hopes of two modern movements for social change: the civil rights movement and the feminist movement. This paper discusses the enactment of Title VII and the ensuing struggle over its implementation during its first decade of existence. (Author/EB)

The organizational pattern of schools, as tied to a centralized district policy, mitigates against serious teacher participation in curriculum deliberation and choice. Suggested are alternative forms of district organization that might be more facilitative of teacher curriculum decision making. (Author/MLF)