One hundred native-born, disadvantaged black children were the subject of this study which proposed the following hypotheses: (1) Subjects proficient in spoken language ability would achieve greater gains in reading ability than those deficient in spoken language ability; however, the former group would vary negligibly among sub-groups in reading…

This work contains five papers in the area of experimental linguistics. Papers include: (1) "Units of Speech Perception," a study which deals with problems of the temporal organization of speech; (2) a study, "Manner of Articulation, Parallel Processing, and the Perception of Duration," which examines the durational patterns characterizing the…

Articles by four diverse educational innovators offer teachers some approaches to children's writing: (1) Eldonna L. Evertts advises that free self-expression should precede close attention to syntax and spelling; (2) James Britton, in four separate articles, points out: the intimate relationship between speech and children's processes of…

Equally divided by sex, grade level, and socioeconomic status, 360 subjects were used in two major experiments. Experiment 1 (Sentence Recall) attempted to answer three questions: (1) What are some of the developmental differences between standard and nonstandard speech? (2) To what extent are these differences sex and social class bound? (3) To…

Comparative research indicates that almost without exception, late eighteenth century non-standard English pronunciation was very close to what is called Broad Australian. Present Australian English is closely akin to the blended, popular colloquial London English, spoken by the largest group of Australia's first settlers. This pronunciation…

THIS TEACHER'S HANDBOOK IS FOR LANGUAGE LABORATORY INSTRUCTION IN MANDARIN CHINESE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS. THE MATERIALS ARE PLANNED ACCORDING TO THE CHINESE CURRICULUM ADOPTED BY THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON CHINESE LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION IN CALIFORNIA PUBLIC SCHOOLS, AND CONSTITUTE THE FIRST LEVEL OF A 4-YEAR SEQUENCE TO BE USED BY NINTH-GRADE…

VARIOUS FORMS OF PHRASE STRUCTURE RULES AND EXPANSION, AND THE SINGLE-BASE AND DOUBLE-BASE TRANSFORMATIONS WERE INCLUDED AS AN INTRODUCTION TO THIS GRAMMAR REVIEW GUIDE FOR NINTH-GRADERS. THE REVIEW COVERED INDIRECT OBJECT VERBS, TRANSITIVE VERBS, DETERMINERS, DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES, IMPERATIVES, NEGATIVES, AND CONTRACTIONS AND WAS BASED…

SUGGESTIONS WERE OFFERED IN THIS TEACHER'S GUIDE FOR VARIOUS APPROACHES IN REVIEWING GRAMMAR PREVIOUSLY PRESENTED TO NINTH-GRADE STUDENTS. THE GRAMMAR REVIEW COVERED PHRASE STRUCTURE RULES, TRANSITIVE VERBS, DETERMINERS, INTERROGATIVES, AND NEGATIVES. WHILE THE EXERCISES IN THE STUDENT VERSION WERE MEANT TO BE WRITTEN, THE TEACHER'S GUIDE…

This study addressed the following three questions: Among the grammatical patterns that first graders are expected to be able to read, are there any which are particularly easy or particularly difficult to interpret? Can these grammatical patterns be mastered with equal ease by students of varying reading ability? Do these grammatical patterns…

Discusses nominal-pronominal reduplication (NPR) in the language of children ages seven and nine in four situations. Younger children produced more NPR; all children produced little NPR talking to their peers and increasing amounts talking to adults. Examples are given and analyzed. (EJS)

Analysis of parent language with toddlers with three different types of toys found few differences as a function of parent or child gender. The three contexts elicited their own language patterns and suggested that children who play frequently with dolls receive more opportunities to learn and practice language. (Author/CB)

Describes the functions of a verbal derivational suffix found in the Ngayarda languages of Western Australia. This suffix has a general "collective activity" meaning, but may be used to indicate the existence of a particular kin relationship between participants involved in the action described. (Author/LMO)

Analysis of the free speech of one- to three-year-olds (N=21) found that measures of mean length of utterance (MLU) are positively related to age, are reliable, and can predict grammatical development, although there are identifiable points in the developmental evolution of MLU and MLU-like indices beyond which their reliability and validity have…

Describes the characteristics of language conflict and examines the areas of emphasis in the literature, including multilingualism and linguistic identity, glottophagia and minority/majority relations, the danger of reliance on language censuses, conflict resolution/avoidance, and the importance of ecolinguistics in conflict description and for…

Detailed analysis of frequencies of the primary auxiliary verb "be" in Scots dramatic texts leads to consideration of the typological relationship said to exist between different varieties of Scots and between them and standard English. (Author/CB)