Four groups of kindergarten children were involved in a pretest-posttest experiment comparing verbal cued, visual cued, verbal rule sulpplemented instruction on conservation tasks. Both language level and analytic sorting behavior were reliable predictions of number conservation performance in individual children. (Author/WY)

Aptitude test scores of education majors at Florida Atlantic University who demonstrated poor writing abilities were compared to determine ability differences between those who graduated and those who did not. Graduates outscored dropouts in the five major areas tested, although both groups ranked low in comparison to the general college…

Forty-seven learning disabled and low-level readers were assigned to reading instruction programs on context cue use differing only in extent of student control of determination of errors. Students high in internality benefited more from instruction in which they determined response correctness; students low in internality benefited from…

Describes a technique that used ambiguously drawn pictures of scenes depicting various aspects of the reading process to elicit imaginative reactions by fifth-grade boys. Results suggest that the high achieving readers had significantly more positive attitudes toward reading than did low achieving readers. (FL)

Uses Erikson's five stages of psychosocial development to examine the socialization of athletes. Because athletic ability is so heavily rewarded by adults and peers, athletes may prematurely commit themselves to unrealistic objectives and aspirations. Concerned counselors can help athletes define realistic educational and career goals. (JAC)

Concludes that a grapho-syntactic organization that divided sentences into meaningful units and random units was comprehended significantly better by both good and poor comprehenders than was the regular paragraph format found in basal readers. (FL)

Close monitoring and warm encouragement by teachers in a structured setting appear to provide the most conducive learning situation. Students' 8th- and 10th-grade performances are studied, measured by their aptitude and their treatment by teachers. Aptitude patterns vary markedly within teacher treatment. (CM)

Concludes that oral reading should be given additional emphasis in the elementary grades. (FL)

Ninety-five secondary students were given textbook material in which two sequence variations (web and linear) were used in relation to the information processing strategies (serialist or holistic) demonstrated by the students. Users of the web-structured sequence scored higher on concept retention. (Author/JJD)

Whether culturally biased tests are useful depends on what is meant by that phrase and the purpose for which the test is to be used. Keeping the distinction between aptitude and achievement in mind, different definitions of fair use of tests come from different sets of societal values. (Author/CM)

Illustrates advantages of research on practical factors in reasoning. Discusses role of factual knowledge and diagnosis of specific task-based errors in reasoning, influence of individual aptitudes on reasoning, and effect of educational interventions designed to change reasoning. Presents Piagetian position for each position, discusses evidence…

Questioned whether performance on a measure of learning potential could be significantly enhanced by training, using a group of 60 children. Results showed training enhanced performance on the Raven Progressive Matrices but did not compensate for initial differences between educable mentally retarded and non-EMR students. (Author/JAC)

Teachers' judgments of the aptitudes of hypothetical students and decisions about classroom organization and management were examined using a policy-capturing approach. Teachers' decision policies could not be represented by a single set of common regression weights. Rather, for each judgment, teachers' decision policies were essentially…