This document consists of the four issues of the "IACD Quarterly" published in 1988. Articles in this volume include: (1) "Understanding Stepfamilies: A Primer for Counselors" (Jeff Edwards); (2) "Role of Counseling in Adult Development and Aging" (William Gorman); (3) "Responding to the Last Minute Undergraduate…

Analysis provided by John Gardner, Director of Buildings and Grounds for Columbia University. (MLF)

The school principal must secure maximum performance from teachers to achieve the goals set forth by the district superintendent and the school board. To accomplish this, the principals' authority must be accepted by the faculty. The extent of faculty members' response to orders or directives issued by authority figures is determined by each…

This study examined the relationship between a superior and subordinate's interpersonal need orientation and subordinate job satisfaction, based on W. C. Schutz's Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation theory which suggests that compatible interpersonal needs are characterized by relational satisfaction. Subjects, 118 people in 59…

To determine the first things that a new principal does during the first few months on the job, an intensive case study was conducted of 12 first-time high school principals in Florida, Virginia, Missouri, and Colorado. Each beginning principal was assigned a research team member who conducted on-site visits, reviewed documentation regarding the…

A systematic exploration of the nature of teacher evaluation is presented. After a critique of the widespread impositional (or "dominant") mode of teacher evaluation, two alternative forms of teacher evaluation, referred to as "educative," are proposed. These educative teacher evaluation approaches, "horizontal"…

This handbook is one of four handbooks developed for preservice and inservice counselor preparation and professional development. It was developed as a practical guide which will provide resources for supervisors to use in the field for enhancing their own skills or for use with other counselors under their supervision. It is also appropriate for…

Volunteers play an important role in the activities of the Extension Service. The number of volunteers is increasing, as are the types of jobs they do. However, there are some typical problems in Extension volunteerism. A survey of county Extension agents identified the following problems related to management of Extension volunteers: lack of…

Effective psychotherapy supervision calls for a variety of supervisory roles and addresses a range of student needs. The particular student need should be the determining factor in selecting an appropriate supervisory role. The supervisor needs a range of role alternatives, a framework in which to fit student needs, a specified area of focus…

The concept of clinical supervision has for several years incorporated ideas about supervisory techniques that have recently received growing support from research on the implementation of innovations by teachers. Among these ideas are that supervision should be focused on teacher behaviors, that analysis of patterns of teacher behavior can help…

Since 1975, more than 400 teachers have successfully completed workshops at the University of Lethbridge (Canada) on the application of clinical supervision methods in the supervision of student teachers. Over 100 of these teachers, all of whom had supervised at least 3 student teachers, responded to a questionnaire requesting information on the…

Our ways of thinking about the world determine the methods we find useful for studying the world. These methods in turn determine what we learn about the world and therefore how we define reality. As aspects of cultural science, teaching and supervision should not be studied using methods suitable for the natural sciences--the cultural sciences…

One of the largest school districts in the United States hired at least one consulting teacher for each elementary school with a high proportion of low income, minority students. These consulting teachers assisted in the implementation of two academic programs--the All Schools Achieve Program (ASAP) and Systematic Strategy Instruction (SSI).…

This paper presents a literature review relating to the instructional supervision of student teachers and a description of a study relating to student teacher supervision. Data from the review and study, which involved the observation of 14 student teaching experiences, indicate that student teaching is the most important aspect of preservice…

In this paper on the role of the supervisor in education, the supervisor is delineated as one who facilitates the design and implementation of the curriculum and instruction within an organizational setting. Three models of supervision are reviewed. Nominal supervision is described as existing because those charged with supervision are given only…