Conceptualizes listening as the process of how individuals perceive, possess, remember, and understand oral messages. Examines four predominant listening styles as a function of respondant sex and gender-role self-perception. Concludes that gender-role self-perception mediated reported listener styles. (PM)

Provides guidelines for developing listening skills at the elementary level. Asserts that effective listening instruction occurs as part of ongoing classroom activities, and suggests that students be given a variety of different listening experiences, such as listening for appreciation, information, critical analysis, and creative exposure.…

Discusses the following barriers which interfere with listening efficiency: content, speaker, medium, distractions, mindset, language, listening speed, and feedback. Suggests ways to combat these obstacles to accurate comprehension. (MM)

Investigates back channel listener responses (i.e. umhums, headnods) in children (7.5 to 11.9 years). Considers such responses to be among the last conversational skills acquired. Reports that back channel responses significantly increased with age, attributable to better understanding of the listener role of providing collaborative feedback. (JAD)

Attentive listening helps meetings and relationships run sensibly and smoothly. Identifies 5 deceptive debating techniques and offers 10 rules on how to listen well, and why doing so pays off. (MLF)

Children were interviewed about their conceptions of good listening, beliefs about appropriate actions for confused listeners, attributions of responsibility for a listener's confusion, reports of speakers' and listeners' feelings during communication breakdown, and ability to detect inconsistencies during a comprehension-monitoring task. (PCB)

"Whole-body" activities are presented to teach first grade students what they must do to listen. The lesson plan covers the differences between hearing and listening, the active nature of listening, poor listening behaviors, and how teachers can tell who is a good listener. (JDD)

Two talkers' productions of the same phoneme may be quite different acoustically, whereas their productions of different speech sounds may be virtually identical. Despite this lack of invariance in the relationship between the speech signal and linguistic categories, listeners experience phonetic constancy across a wide range of talkers, speaking…

Even though the importance of effective listening skills is well recognized and many K-12 language arts standards include listening skills, the amount of time devoted to the teaching of listening and the quality of instructional resources that will enable the effectiveness of teaching listening as a two-way communication process are in question.…

We propose a bridge between cognitive and sociocultural approaches that is anchored on the sociocultural side by distributed cognition and participation, and on the cognitive side by information structures. We interpret information structures as the contents of distributed knowing and interaction in activity systems. Conceptual understanding is…

Listening requires a great awareness of self, words, facial expressions, body language, tone of voice, and eye contact. This article examines the importance of these factors in the development of the therapeutic relationship. Among some of the characteristics of effective listening treated here are qualities within the client/therapist…

To teach listening as a discreet skill, teachers need a suitable definition of the word "skill." The author suggests defining a skill as a complex of techniques and behaviors from which performers select, depending upon the situation, to fullfill their purposes. The curricular design should be based on four components: (1) establishing attention,…

Recognizing the lack of research delineating what personality traits might predispose a person to poor listening, this paper contrasts two lines of research assessing how the cognitive and affective characteristics of speakers impact on their recall of conversation. The first section of the paper considers the theoretical perspective arguing that…

A review of literature related to rate of reading and auding, primarily in non-remedial high school and adult readers, is provided in this paper. After offering a definition of reading, a discussion of those studies which examine rates of reading and auding separately is provided with a summary of studies which directly relate rates of reading and…

A review of the literature indicated that conventional tests are inadequate for accurate assessment of phonological discrimination ability in children. Higher error rates on discrimination tests than those which would be predicted from articulation measures seemed to implicate task variables. To reduce task difficulty, repeated contrast test…