Describes how students in an upper division college sociology class wrote draft essays, received and gave peer reviews, received instructors' reviews, and revised their essays. Reports that those students who participated more often in the peer review process showed improved peer reviews and essays. (DAJ)

Examines marginal and end comments written on the first drafts of essays of advanced university students of English as a Second Language in terms of their pragmatic goals and linguistic features. Findings indicate the importance of helping students process feedback successfully and providing text-specific feedback. (65 references) (Author/CK)

Reviews five types of classroom assessment methods: forced-choice items (i.e., multiple-choice and true-false items, matching exercises, and fill-in-the-blank items); essay tests; performance tasks and portfolios; teacher observation; and student self-assessment. Provides examples of each method and describes the skills that they are intended to…

Reviews the last major battle of World War II that occurred at Okinawa (Japan) in 1945. Explains why the Battle of Okinawa was the turning point in World War II. Includes two maps in the appendix and an annotated bibliography. (CMK)

Suggests two shifts in perspective that will help turn writing across the curriculum courses toward aim and away from mode as a central organizing principle. Suggests a theoretical shift from "mode" to "topic" and a practical shift from single to plural textuality, combining several textual paradigms as demonstrated in the…

Describes a pilot program in which a science essay assignment was the basis for cooperative teaching of research and writing skills to secondary school students. The methods used to address various skills are described and the advantages of including library instruction as part of a teaching continuum are discussed. (11 references) (CLB)

The Open University experience demonstrates how the use of computer conferencing can facilitate mutual help among students and enhance the teacher's role. Other functions include support for discussion that can replace teaching materials, assessment of students on the basis of contributions to conferences, teaching essay writing skills, and use of…

Examines the characteristics of prewriting activities of unsuccessful writers who took the Alberta Universities' Writing Competence Test. Finds that the students' limited and ineffective use of prewriting strategies interferes with their ability to generate and develop ideas in writing a timed essay. (KEH)

Argues that the complex human behavior studied by educational researchers is by its nature unpredictable if not indeterminate. Concludes that research should focus on descriptions and interpretations of educational phenomena and not on the prediction and control of educational outcomes. (FMW)

Describes students' reactions to questions on essay tests. Examines relationships in attitudes and essay questions, the effects of readability on student attitudes, and the effects of question length and rhetorical structure. Concludes that certain rhetorical features of essay questions affect how students respond on tests. (KEH)

Compares the use of multiple choice and essay tests for student evaluation and asserts that essay tests are superior but have disadvantages. Presents a rationale and suggestions for implementing the guided essay approach to student evaluation. Includes an appendix with a guided essay format accompanied by a sample essay. (CFR)

Explores ways by which a heterosexual identity develops and how it is perceived to affect daily life. Essays from 26 multiethnic undergraduates reveal 6 common themes: had never thought about sexual identity; society made me heterosexual; gender determines sexual identity; issues of choice versus innateness of sexuality; no alternative to…

Effects of expected form and expected difficulty of a test were examined for 84 college students expecting an easy or difficult multiple-choice or essay examination but taking a combined test. Results support the hypothesis that individuals work harder, rather than reduce their effort, when difficult work is expected. (SLD)

Topical structure analysis of English-as-a-Second-Language essay tests identified two topical structure variables, proportions of sequential and parallel topics in the essays, that differentiated the highest-rated essays from the lower-rated essays. (46 references) (Author/CB)

Describes a study conducted at a large west coast state university, comparing holistic scores on developmental writing program final essays when the same essays were handwritten and computer typed. Reveals a bias against typed final essays, especially in essays which received high scores in the handwritten form. (DMM)