Arguing that goal knowledge is as important to intelligent machine activity as it is to human activity, and that it also must be well understood and explicitly represented in an instructional system if that system is to be successful in fostering learning, this report presents an architecture for intelligent tutors that explicitly represents…

The effects of using a nontraditional peer tutoring format--same age, similar skill level arrangement--were investigated for two school terms on a county wide basis with 2,386 significantly underachieving students in grades 1 through 9 in the curricular areas of reading and mathematics. Certified teachers and paraprofessional aides served as…

The Clarkstown Tutoring Service, a student peer-tutoring program in the Clarkstown (a middle to upper-middle suburban community), New York, school district received hundreds of tutees in grades 7 through 12 but very few in grades 1 through 6. A plan was devised to double the number of public elementary students tutored from 33 to 66 by June 25,…

The importance of writing centers as places where process-centered, student-centered teaching takes place is emphasized in this paper. To illustrate this point, the paper provides profiles of four tutors--two males and two females--and discusses ways to improve tutor-student conferences, including having the tutor focus the conference on the…

Tennessee high school students volunteer time equivalent to 13 full-time teachers to tutor younger students on a one-to-one basis in problem subjects. (DW)

Concludes that male tutors effect greater gains in the reading achievement of Mexican American boys than do female tutors. (RB)

This annotated bibliography cites journal articles, books and ERIC documents related to cross-age tutoring. Contents are organized in four sections: (1) trends indicating a need for cross-age tutoring; (2) variables in implementation of cross-age tutoring programs; (3) positive effects of cross-age tutoring; and (4) a review of research in…

The paper describes a program developed at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf in which hearing impaired students in the academic mainstream receive tutoring/notetaking support services. A notetaking system is employed in which the notetaker writes from four to six readable copies of notes at one time. The notetaker, a trained normally…

The Learning Assistance Center's peer tutoring program at Stanford University is described in this paper. Ways are suggested to register students as tutees, match them with tutors, operate tutoring sessions, account for and control tutoring hours, evaluate tutoring performance, and train peer tutors. In this program, tutors are Stanford students…

The usefulness of teaching advanced composition in a writing tutorial program has been demonstrated at the University of Massachusetts/Amherst with students who have passed college freshman English and who feel they still need some work in their writing. Justification for using the tutorial method is based on the premise that a teacher cannot say…

This paper is designed to provide the educator with an overview of instructional applications of the computer, along with important issues related to each application. Applications discussed include computer managed instruction, drill and practice, simulation, computer assisted testing, instructional games, tutorials, problem solving, and…

A STUDY CENTER IN HYDE PARK, CHICAGO, WAS OPENED IN SEPTEMBER 1962. IT CONSISTED OF A DEPOSIT COLLECTION FROM THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, A STUDY ROOM EQUIPPED WITH REFERENCE MATERIAL, AND SPACE FOR INDIVIDUAL TUTORING. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY CENTER WAS TO HELP CHILDREN FEEL THAT SUCCESS IS POSSIBLE SO THAT THEY COULD BEGIN TO FEEL MORE SELF-CONFIDENT…

THE TWO PROGRAMS REVIEWED ARE THE DEMONSTRATION GUIDANCE PROJECT AND HIGHER HORIZONS PROGRAM. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEMONSTRATION GUIDANCE PROJECT INCLUDED EXTRA TEACHERS, SPECIAL TUTORING, GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING, CLINICAL SERVICES, INTENSIVE COURSES IN ENGLISH, CULTURAL, AND ARTISTIC EVENTS. THE PROJECT STARTED WITH JUNIOR…