Discussion of instructional theory and the teaching-learning process focuses on implementation of the Structural Learning Theory. Topics discussed include learner models and approaches to intelligent tutoring; control mechanisms in information processing systems; human cognition; assessing individual knowledge; and designing intelligent tutors.…

Pupils can learn better from each other than in some normal classrooms. This article explores current knowledge about "peer tutoring" and suggests how peer tutoring can help special groups of students and how it can be organized. (Author/TE)

Argues that it is possible and desirable for writing tutors, acting out their role in classroom tutoring programs rather than in writing center programs, to play the dual role of teacher and tutor. Maintains that classroom tutoring projects have the potential to help educators practice the art of translating different philosophies, practices, and…

Examines trends in computer-assisted instruction dissertations by reviewing 322 dissertation abstracts, categorizing them by year, geography, academic area, mode, beneficiary, and thrust. Results indicate that the majority of dissertations addressed the following topics: tutorial mode; analysis of data, and design and demonstration (thrust); and…

Describes a study conducted to examine whether personal and educational variables could be used to predict differences between students attending a tutoring center once and those attending more often. Indicates that perceptions of caring in the tutoring center and tutor/student relationship and transfer of learning were significant in predicting…

Evaluates a peer counseling program aimed at helping first-year students use computers in the University of Newcastle economics department. The scheme has not harmed students' abilities to use computers and, in some cases, has improved their skill. The scheme is inexpensive and provides significant potential savings in staff and hardware costs.…

Argues that Vygotsky's "zone of proximal development" (ZPD) can be redefined as a nonlinear dynamic model. Presents a mathematical reformulation that generates a variety of developmental patterns and has the capacity to show under which conditions unwanted or unsuccessful developmental paths may occur. Illustrates how this reformulation…

Reviews the tensions between discourse-centered writing instruction and expressivist approaches. Considers the conflict when the writing instructor's approach differs from the writing tutor's approach. Explores the possibilities of a reflective response style of writing instruction. Advocates such an approach as a useful means of fostering writing…

Examined the effects of tutoring on college students' ability to learn a computer programming language in order to characterize effective tutor behaviors. Found that successful tutors took a very active role in leading problem-solving by offering confirmatory feedback and additional guidance while students were on profitable paths and error…

In one experiment and two case studies, peer tutors were used in a program with disabled students exhibiting aberrant behaviors in the classroom. Peer tutors received training on how to provide appropriate commands and specific praise statements, as well as to decrease negative statements. Results indicated that trained peer tutors were able to…

Reviews literature on developmental students' negative attitudes toward mathematics and themselves. Describes a model for math tutoring emphasizing the reduction of math anxiety and development of capacities for independent learning through dialogue, analysis of error, response to affective needs, reeducation about the learning process, and…

Argues the need for schools to provide learning environments, educational practices, and encouragement to enhance academic achievement in each student within the system. New teacher roles are examined, and some examples are provided of successful efforts in schools that effectively concentrate on the individual student's academic success. (GLR)

Evaluation of using a hearing peer tutor to provide daily 20-minute math instruction for a profoundly deaf sixth-grade girl indicated that the peer tutoring intervention was highly successful, with the tutee meeting accuracy criteria for each of 4 curriculum objectives after only a brief period of intervention. (Author/DB)

A Virginia elementary school's On-a-Roll program tutors 63 low-achieving students (grades 4-6) from minority, low-income families for 70 minutes after school on Wednesday and Thursday. Students take turns being tutored in reading and math homework and working on software strategies for solving math problems in the computer lab. Volunteer tutors…

Discusses the results of questionnaires from 376 writing center sessions in which both students and tutors rated their satisfaction. Finds significant relationships between client satisfaction and year in college, learning disabilities, English as a Second Language, the major of the tutor, the course the paper was written for, and gender. (SR)