This study investigated the strategies subjects adopted to solve STEM-equivalent SAT-Mathematics (SAT-M) word problems in constructed-response (CR) and multiple-choice (MC) formats. Parallel test forms of CR and MC items were administered to subjects representing a range of mathematical abilities. Format-related differences in difficulty were more…

For students to develop to their fullest, educators must understand that traditional notions of potential can have a negative effect. Educators must understand the nature of potential to anticipate and promote the emergence of qualities not yet evident, as well as to capitalize on potentials already manifest. (IS)

Uses data from high ability students in two comprehensive schools in Britain to show that the use of logical connectives in history texts can be a stumbling block to comprehension. Compares these findings to those generated in Australia. (FL)

The author reviews the past few years of experience gained in English schools of mixed-ability teaching in science and makes some personal interpretations of the lessons to be learned from that experience. It is hoped that some of these issues will be of relevance to other countries. (Author/SK)

Level of operational thinking required (cognitive demand) for concepts or problems and test items on the mole concept was determined and compared to the Piagetian levels of thinking of 71 students. Pupil cognitive level was positively associated with overall unit test scores and with percent success on all test items. (Author/SK)

The use of grade equivalent scores contrasted against grade placement is widespread in the diagnosis of dyslexia and other reading disabilities. Discusses difficulties and distortions of this method. Presents an alternative method for reliably determining aptitude/achievement discrepancies. (Author)

Each of four teachers taught ecology to eight sixth-grade groups. Eight treatments factorially varied two levels of teacher structuring, soliciting, and reacting. Low soliciting yielded higher student achievement. Low structuring and low reacting interacted to yield lower achievement. Retention measures showed similar main and interaction effects.…

The relationship between teachers' perceptions of students' foreign-language (FL) academic skills and affective characteristics and their performance on tests of native language skill and FL aptitude was examined. Comparisons of final grades and teachers' perceptions by skill level groups found significant overall effects when grouping students by…

Describes two model programs for high school and college students with learning disabilities that incorporate an experienced-based career education component. Explains programs' five basic premises and describes specifically designed program activities to assess and address learning disabled students' abilities and deficits. (Author/CM)

Discusses the need to modify visual media for hearing-impaired students and describes a study of college students that examined the effects of modifying captions and providing supplementary instruction on the comprehension of a technical film. Effects of instruction, levels of captioning, test types, and reading ability are examined. (25…

Describes computer-based study of undergraduates that examined the consistency of macroprocessing, or cognitive processing, of instruction in different content domains. Presentation modes are explained, pretests and posttests are described, and the implications of the results for the investigation of individual differences in learning are…

Suggests that differential performances of students in schools may be attributable to teachers' altered communication and teaching strategies in response to perceived student abilities. Investigates the nature of such adaptations, finding that lesson structure changed in low-ranked classes, diminishing students' possibility of attaining the stated…

Carroll's learning model accounts for variations in school learning with variables, which can be expressed in terms of time and achievement. Most aspects of the model have been confirmed. Ways that the model might be used to address current problems in education are considered. (Author/BJV)

Examined developmental behaviors in college seniors having made a career choice and compared these with behaviors of college seniors undecided about careers. Results suggest a relationship between student developmental tasks and career decisions. Career decisions were unrelated to psychological distress and the development of interpersonal…

Reports on a longitudinal study on the effects of students' early linguistic development and family background on test performance when the students reach the end of their compulsory schooling years. Finds a considerable degree of continuity between early language development and later examination performance. (CFR)