Investigates the relative roles of positive and negative cue retention on oddity transfer, and seeks to learn how these roles change with age and practice. Age range studied is from 3 to 7 years old. (MH)

Investigated effects of two kinds of imagery on age differences in the ability to solve series problems. Overall, older adults (N=47) obtained lower scores than younger adults (N=41). However, results suggest older adults can use imagery as a control process, but are less likely to use imagery in abstract situations. (Author/JAC)

Two experiments investigated 18- to 30-month-old children's memory for the location of a hidden object. Memory performance was significantly better when the object was hidden within the natural environment as opposed to when hidden in a set of boxes. Older subjects effectively used a landmark cue as a memory aid. (Author/RH)

Compared three techniques for teaching name-to-face associations to older adults. Participants (N=60) were divided into no image (control), image, and image plus judgment groups. Results showed strong improvement in remembering names when interactive imagery was used. Those in the image plus judgment group showed less forgetting in recall.…

Learning disabled high school students may fail in regular classrooms unless they learn to interpret verbal and nonverbal cues from their academic teacher. Videotapes showing phrases and body language of typical classroom teachers can be useful. The teachers must also be prepared in terms of the student's specific needs. (CL)

Televised and purely aural statements made by various speakers were presented at distinct locations in the recipient's surroundings. It was concluded that place provides especially privileged cues and that not all content-correlated background stimuli are equipotent cues in associative learning. (Author/PN)

In three experiments, the meaning of the textual materials was held constant while structural (surface) variables, such as vocabulary, syntax, and signals about idea importance, were manipulated. Findings in all cases indicated that aspects of the surface structure of text made demands on the reader's cognitive processing capacity. (Author/GK)

Adults in their twenties and sixties were tested for free recall, cued recall, and recognition of words that they had studied in an intentional memory task or generated associations to in an incidental orienting task. Significant age-related declines in performance on intentional items were observed regardless of type of memory test. (Author)

Investigated cue leakage during deception. Demonstrated that during a prepared lie (one that is rehearsed or mentally prepared), liars exhibited shorter response latencies and message durations, less smiling, more affirmative nodding and body adaptors than truth tellers did. During a spontaneous lie, liars exhibited more body adapters than truth…

In studies with 22 normal hearing adults and two hearing impaired children (12-13 years old), speech was presented under different degrees of optical distortion. (CL)

Second-, third-, and sixth-grade children (N=48) were presented sets of categorically-related pictures, were either prompted or not prompted to identify categories and later asked to recall categories. Recall time for second- and third-grade prompted children was significantly less than for nonprompted peers. No differences were found with sixth…

In a classroom setting, as distinct from other settings, a teacher asks questions in order to evaluate the correctness of the reply, not to seek information. (JD)