The paper reviews studies showing positive and negative effects of maternal tutoring on retarded and potentially retarded infants and children. Results of one of the studies reviewed, on the effects of mother-child interaction on exploratory behavior of Down's syndrome infants (1 1/2 to 3 years of age), indicate that normal and retarded children…

An instructional model suitable for the implementation of the tutorial mode of a computer-assisted instruction program is described in this report. The general guidelines for the design of the model are presented. Course organization, instructional strategies, and learning paths are discussed. The model provided for the accommodation of high,…

The effects of an intergrade tutoring experience on the self-concepts of 93 fifth-grade students who tutored 31 first-grade students in the attainment of sight words are described. The study tested and analyzed the hypothesis that there will be no significant difference in the posttest semantic differential mean scores among groups on the concept…

Youth Tutoring Youth is a cross-age tutoring program which emphasizes both academic and interpersonal elements. A training manual and three booklets for the tutor are included. (A supervisor's manual was processed into the ERIC system earlier under number ED 034 247). The program is geared toward the development of positive self concepts by both…

All (172) second grade nonreaders in Title I schools received structured tutoring from intermediate age youngsters 15 minutes per day, four days per week for five months in a program to remediate reading skills. Control Subjects were randomly selected, without regard for reading ability, from the total grade 2 population of three non-Title I…

Describes a computer program that allows undergraduate students to undertake nomenclature tutorials in organic chemistry, where user response is evaluated based on a set of rules that determine appropriate feedback. Design of the software is described, including the use of computer graphics, and results of students' evaluations are briefly…

Analyzes three major approaches to the use of computers in education: (1) drill and practice; (2) tutorial, and (3) simulation and programing. Courseware for each approach is discussed, educational philosophy and types of knowledge are described, the effect of computers on learning processes is examined, and 114 references are provided. (LRW)

Research data is presented to support special education approaches to personal and social development. Seventy-eight fourth- to sixth-grade handicapped students and 82 first-grade nonhandicapped students participated in the project. Promising research results suggest many questions to be addressed in future study. (JS)

Provides a picture of remedial reading instruction based on three views: (1) an observational study of Chapter l programs; (2) an observational study of 79 Chapter l teachers in a large city; and (3) an analysis of the case reports of a college reading clinic. Calls for reform based on theory and research. (NH)

Considers aims of masters degrees in education against background of controversy about distance teaching of such courses; examines components of masters course design via distance teaching experience in Australia and United Kingdom; considers design requirements of the advanced project and specifies necessary support facilities; and describes…

Presents research comparing the cost-effectiveness of four educational interventions (computer-assisted instruction, cross-age tutoring, reduced class size, and longer school day) designed to raise elementary student achievement. Results show that computer-assisted instruction was less cost effective than peer tutoring. Includes three tables…

Surveys artificial intelligence and the development of computer-based tutors and speculates on the future of artificial intelligence in education. Includes discussion of the definitions of knowledge, expert systems (computer systems that solve tough technical problems), intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), and specific ITSs such as GUIDON, MYCIN,…

Both a case study of a middle-aged Mexican migrant woman's attempt to learn to read and write and a personal account of the tutor's discovery of some of the social and psychological factors that kept her illiterate. Discusses methodology, materials, techniques, conflicting conceptions of literacy, and sociocultural expectations. (RDN)

Describes a tutorial program where fourth grade students are paired with kindergarten children to assist in culminating activities and with review sessions. Explains the tutors' responsibilities, the program emphases, and scheduling procedures. (ML)

Questionnaires and structured interviews were administered to 40 itinerant teachers within one British Local Education Authority's Special Needs Service. Motivational factors, staff preferences for training methods (past and future), and factors to consider in light of anticipated organizational change are explored. (MLF)