A device called the Student Responder may be used to obtain student responses during programed instruction lectures. In Air Force flying and technical training programs, the device can be used in a dimly-lit or darkened classroom during slide presentations. When multiple-choice questions are projected on the screen, the student responses are…

There exist special problems in testing first-grade children. Orally administered yes-no tests reduce the problems found in the other types, but they have their own drawbacks. A solution to some of these drawbacks is the use of the matched-pair scoring technique. For each "yes" item on the test there is included a "reversed" or…

The relationship betwee n a composite of student entry characteristics--unit pretest score, number of skills to be mastered in the unit, the student's intelligence quotient and age, units previously mastered--and the amount of time required to complete one of four units of D or E level mathematics was investigated. Beta weights for the regression…

To test a hypothesis that question answering speed and accuracy can be increased by an automated shaping procedure, a film, "The Analysis of Behavior," was presented individually by a teaching machine during twice-per-week sessions to one high school student and 12 junior college students. Six of the students were informed of monetary rewards for…

Gilman and Ferry have shown that when the student's score on a multiple choice test is the total number of responses necessary to get all items correct, substantial increases in reliability can occur. In contrast, similar procedures giving partial credit on multiple choice items have resulted in relatively small gains in reliability. The analysis…

In behavioral studies of academic performance, accuracy has usually been defined as the number of items correct divided by the number of items assigned. One previous study used an alternative definition--the number of items correct divided by the number of items attempted. It is suggested here that while both measures are useful indices of…

This study provides information on the current practice of grading, recording, and averaging. Five hundred forty-four institutions of higher education returned a survey form, a 73 percent return. Two- and four-year institutions, public and private, in all states were included in the survey. Conclusions suggest: (1) Institutions in higher education…

The standard error of measurement as a means for estimating the margin of error that should be allowed for in test scores is discussed. The true score measures the performance that is characteristic of the person tested; the variations, plus and minus, around the true score describe a characteristic of the test. When the standard deviation is used…

Scores from tests in the same battery are put on scales which are the "same" in some sense, so that certain interpretations are made easier. This is often done when scores for different tests are obtained on different population segments, especially such as newer, more varied batteries of test offerings. It is felt that traditional erroneous…

This report reviews "Sesame Street's" development of procedure and materials for the 1970-1971 season with emphasis on the social goals of cooperation, conflict resolution, and realization of differing perspectives. These goals mark a departure from the first year of programing which emphasized cognitive learning objectives. Research…

Four problems of data summary and analysis in the Concept Attainment Abilities Project are discussed. The problems are: (1) scoring and item analysis for items that exist in a completely crossed design; (2) determining the factorial structure of such item sets; (3) reducing the battery of 56 cognitive abilities tests administered in 1970 to…

Each test in the Divergent Production battery requires the examinee to produce a response. Since these responses must be evaluated, the factor of rater judgment influences the reliability of scores. The problem of scoring reliability is one which pervades the literature on creativity research, where either low estimates or no estimates have been…

The MERMAC computer program is offered to the University of Wisconsin faculty for use in scoring and analyzing classroom tests. The characteristics of a good test are discussed; examples are given of the output of the MERMAC program; and the results are used to show how the quality of a test may be improved. Although the MERMAC Program is for…

Procedures for establishing standards and determining the number of items needed in criterion-referenced measures are reviewed. The discussion of setting a passing score is organized around five factors: performance of others, item content, educational consequences, psychological and financial costs, and measurement error. Classical test theory,…

The objectives of the project were to (1) determine whether students making a subjective evaluation of other students will tend to grade their friends higher than others they do not know as well, (2) whether the use of an evaluation instrument reduces the subjectivitiy of student judgment, and (3) what differences there may be between a grade…