An item-response model for binary response data exhibiting the bi-factor structure is derived, and a practical parameter estimation method is developed. The model, which provides an alternate to the traditional conditionally independent unidimensional item response theory model, is illustrated with an example from psychiatric research. (SLD)

The current state of multidimensional scaling using the city-block metric is reviewed, with attention to (1) substantive and theoretical issues; (2) recent algorithmic developments and their implications for analysis; (3) isometries with other metrics; (4) links to graph-theoretic models; and (5) prospects for future development. (SLD)

L. L. Thurstone's revolutionary article resulted in the development of many representational measurement models, but the introduction of "true measurement" in social, attitudinal, and personality psychology did not yield the progress Thurstone envisioned. This specific model is seldom used in these areas today. (SLD)

The composite direct-product model for the multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix is reparamaterized as a second-order factor analysis model. This process facilitates the use of widely available computer programs--LISREL and LISCOMP--for fitting the model. If bounds on phi and theta are not imposed to avoid inadmissible values, convergence problems…

Item and factor analyses examined the psychometric characteristics of the White Racial Identity Attitude Scale based on data from 308 white college students. Then five trained judges assigned scale items to appropriate subscales. Results did not support the psychometric adequacy of the scale. (SK)

Examined psychometric properties of Client Resistance Scale (CRS). Results indicated that CRS subscales were reliable with data from master's-level judges who rated client speaking turns for six sessions with six expert therapists. Subscales were significantly positively correlated with each other, and client resistance differed as function of…

Used confirmatory methodology to examine reliability and validity of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-III in 922 families with children with disabilities. The Cohesion Scale proposed by instrument authors remained intact. The original Adaptability Scale was divided into two scales, Adaptability focusing on leadership and family…

This research evaluated the psychometric adequacy of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RAIS). Participants (N=293) included college students and community residents ages 17 to 82 years. Results do not support the psychometric adequacy of the latest version of RAIS. Psychometric issues are discussed; caution is recommended in using RAIS. (EMK)

Provides independent examination of psychometric properties of White Racial Identity Attitude Scale (WRIAS) and Oklahoma Racial Attitude Scale-Preliminary Form (ORAS-P). Factors reflecting attitudes were identified: degree of racial comfort (factor 1), attitudes toward racial equality (2), attitudes of racial curiosity (3), and unachieved racial…

This book provides a historical overview of item-response theory (IRT) and contains a compendium of item-response-theory research. Each of its six sections deals with a unique application of a model or a family of models. Requires a strong psychometric background to understand some of the discussions. (SLD)

Presents similarities and differences between the DSM-IV and empirically based approaches to behavioral and emotional problems. A case example illustrates the applications of the two approaches to school-based assessment. (Author/JDM)

This brief history traces the development of item response theory (IRT) from concepts originating in 19th-century mathematics and psychology to present-day principles drawn from statistical estimation theory. Connections to other fields and current trends in IRT are outlined. (SLD)

Examined the psychometric properties of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (A. Beck and others, 1974) among 544 university students. Results show satisfactory internal consistency of scores, but factor analysis suggested four factors that were largely uninterpretable. Results of a convergent validity study indicate that there are more appropriate…

Assesses the psychometric properties of the Self-Description Questionnaire-II (SDQ-II) with a middle school sample comprising 291 students. Results reveal acceptable internal consistency and four-week stability coefficients for all domain scores and the total score of the instrument. Results of confirmatory factor analyses support the convergent…

The integrity of vocational psychology is threatened by poorly trained professionals and delivery of career assistance on the Internet without scientific foundation. The profession should renew linkages with related fields, restore training in psychological measurement, and prepare students in scientific methodology. (Contains 49 references.) (SK)