Reviews Dreyfus's writings about human cognition and artificial intelligence (AI), and explains some of the implications of his position, particularly in education. Topics include Dreyfus' critique of AI, representationlaism and expertise, technology and its role in instruction, computer-assisted instruction, and intelligent tutoring systems. (JKP)

Reports a study that examined whether a collaborative peer tutoring program would improve urban seventh graders' self- concept and attitudes toward school. Pretesting and posttesting indicated that students in the collaborative peer tutoring program demonstrated significant improvements in self-concept and attitudes toward school as compared with…

Twenty elementary teachers were supported in developing curriculum-based measurement and peer-mediated instruction to serve math students with learning disabilities (LD); 10 of the teachers also used decision rules and specialized adaptations when student progress was inadequate. Teachers implemented the specialized adaptation with respectable…

Examined effects of explicit teaching and peer tutoring on reading achievement of learning-disabled students and nondisabled, low-performing readers in academically integrated classrooms. Found that explicit-teaching students did not achieve reliably better than controls; students in the explicit teaching plus peer tutoring condition scored higher…

Describes and evaluates the ARCH (A Real Community Helps) After-School Program, a successful after-school tutoring program in which university, junior college, and high school students became tutors at an inner-city elementary school, contributing to the creation of a positive learning community. (SR)

Research-based reading interventions (peer tutoring, reciprocal teaching, effective teaching principles, computer-aided instruction, and two direct instruction models) were implemented by 37 special-education resource teachers working with 176 elementary school students with mild disabilities. The computer-assisted, reciprocal, and direct…

Reports on a study which collated and compared evaluations of seven distance education courses in Hong Kong using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Conclusions about tutorials, group activities, interstudent contact, telephone counseling, and video and television broadcasts are synthesized; and guidelines for formatting…

Compared the effects of TEACH, a perceptual remediation approach, to those of phonetic tutoring on first graders whose performance in the SEARCH Program during kindergarten indicated they were at risk for reading failure. There was no evidence for significant academic effects of participation in the TEACH program for at-risk children. (GLR)

Presents a model of the tutoring process that takes into account the evolving tutor/student relationship and the subject matter concerns that the tutor is helping the student master. Reports illustrative data from case studies from which the model is derived. (15 references) (MDH)

Describes a 20-hour training program to prepare peer tutors to work in a writing lab. Analyzes conversations, actions, and reflections of nine peer tutors during the training period. Finds that making student discovery central to tutoring and to tutor training develops effective tutors. (SR)

Reviewed are the various purposes that discussion may serve for science education--for carrying out practical work, for interpreting results, and for understanding social issues. The importance of students contributing their own experiences to a discussion is discussed. (KR)

A program of intervention called therapeutic tutoring to help underachievers is described. Intervention centers around students' loci of control, through a process of identifying areas in which students feel empowered and relating academic experiences to these areas. Academic exercises based on Monopoly, cricket, rugby, soap operas, field hockey,…

Three studies involving tutoring of elementary children are reported. The first demonstrated that eight parents utilized oral reading tutoring procedures successfully after training. The other two found that home tutoring improved math and spelling performance of four children both during tutoring sessions and subsequently in school. (Author/JDD)

Reports on a study of 93 McMaster University (Ontario) sophomore history students about their secondary school preparation in history. Finds that most respondents felt comfortable about their high school education, but a significant number were uncomfortable with their preparation for tutorial work, notetaking, and essay writing. (CFR)

Describes a three-year project devoted to fostering semester-long e-mail exchanges between American and German college students. Based on the tandem approach to language learning, peer tutoring via e-mail helped improve students' writing ability and cross-cultural competence. Presents types of writing activities and suggestions for setting up…