Traditionally the unit of analysis in marital research has been the individual spouse. More recently the marital relationship has often been defined as a process of interaction and dynamic exchanges such that spouses have autonomous needs as well as corporate needs for interdependence. Thus modern systems theory heightens the importance of both…

This paper addresses practical Army problems in reading assessment from a theory base reflecting the most recent research on reading comprehension. Military and occupational research shows that reading proficiency is related to job performance. Reading assessment is a key issue in the Army due to changes in the reading ability levels of the Army…

Students who use drama assess their work through using a science fiction essay to help them look for and make connections between times, places, people, and situations. The students then use assessment guidelines to focus their ideas, stimulate their creativity, and demonstrate minimum standards of excellence. Finally, students have access to…

In this study, two experiments indicate that modification of the method of scoring in the EQUATIONS game enhances achievement in learning specific mathematical ideas. The experimental scoring method (4+ scoring) which allows learners to obtain bonus points for constructing more complex solutions was introduced into year-long instructional gaming…

Several studies concerning scoring difficulties on the Wechsler intelligence scales were reviewed. Since scoring of responses on the comprehension, similarities and vocabulary subtests of the Wechsler scales demands judgements by the examiner, the possibility of poor interscorer reliability increases. More thorough scoring standards and revision…

A preliminary version of an oral proficiency test in English and Spanish for bilingual speakers was revised after analysis of the results of a pilot study in which the item pool was administered to 45 bilingual first-, fifth- and ninth-graders. Analyses of items and independent variables are described. (KM)

This study examined the effects of the test administrator's attitudes toward Holland's Self-Directed Search, the size of the group taking the instrument, and whether or not monitors were used during the administration on both self-scoring accuracy and satisfaction with results. Only monitoring reduced self-scoring errors, and none affected…

Research supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grant No. 06823 and OEC-6-10-108.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative validities of four essay scoring systems, reflecting alternative conceptualizations of the writing process, for identifying "competent" writers. Each rater was trained in two of the four scoring systems: General Impression Scoring (GI), Diederich Expository Scale (DES), CSE…

Two methods of evaluating student writing were compared. Holistic evaluation attempts to assess the overall quality of a composition. It is a guided procedure for sorting or ranking written composition. A rater scores the composition by placing it within the range of papers produced in response to a given assignment. Scoring may also be done using…

Procedures for conducting functional level testing have been available for use by practitioners for some time. However, the Title I Evaluation and Reporting System (TIERS), developed in response to the educational amendments of 1974 to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), has provided the impetus for widespread adoption of this…

Test scores that are not perfectly reliable cannot be strictly equated unless they are strictly parallel. This fact implies that tau equivalence can be lost if an equipercentile equating is applied to observed scores that are not strictly parallel. Thirty-six simulated data sets are produced to simulate equating tests with different difficulties…

TEACHING PRACTICES USED SUCCESSFULLY AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL WITH CULTURALLY DEPRIVED CHILDREN ARE PRESENTED. STUDENTS SHOULD BE PROVIDED WITH OPPORTUNITIES THAT ALLOW FOR PARTICIPATION, ACHIEVEMENT, AND SUCCESS. THIS CAN BE DONE BY DIVERSIFYING LEARNING EXPERIENCES SO THAT STUDENTS OF ALL INTERESTS CAN DO THINGS THEY LIKE AND CAN DO WELL, BY…

The Springs Task measures the ability to conduct controlled experiments, name variables, and criticize variables which are demonstrated to the subject. It provides an operational definition of formal thought. Subjects aged ten to adult can be tested with this instrument, an apparatus-based task administered individually in a 15-minute interview.…

The consistency across time and readers of the scoring of National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) open-ended exercises was examined. The procedure studied is a nominal categorical scoring. Ten readers independently read 28 sample responses to each of 12 open-ended exercises at three different times. All ten readers agreed on their…