Developed as part of the British Ability Scales for ages 2-17, the Social Reasoning Scale was initially based on Kohlberg's invariant moral development stages, although substantial modifications were later introduced. In its standardization, an age progression was noted. Administration procedures, scoring criteria, and an illustrative example are…

Supports arguments against general use of change scores and recommends the Lord/McNemar estimates of true change. Provides a numerical example illustrating the reliability problem and the problem of the prediction of true change from various linear composites of initial and final measures. (Author)

With psychometric tests (that is, norm-referenced tests), nearly all scores fall into one of three categories: those based on comparison with an absolute standard; those based on inter-individual comparison; or those based on intra-individual comparison. These are described and all commonly used metrics are discussed. (Author/RL)

Analyses of General Educational Development (GED) ratings of U.S. jobs illustrate the estimation of components of variance and covariance, univariate nd multivariate generalizability coefficients, and canonical coefficients. GED scales, ranging from one to six points, measure reasoning, mathematics, and language abilities needed to perform various…

Found that when a mother reacted "negatively" to a tachistoscopically presented stimulus, her child was also likely to do so. Concludes that the Mother-Child Picture Test presented with a percept-genetic technique reflects essential aspects of mother-child relations. (Author/RH)

Three nonparametric alternatives to the parametric Bartlett test are presented for handling the K-sample equality of variance problem. The two-sample Siegel-Tukey test, Mood test, and Klotz test are extended to the multisample situation by Puri's methods. These K-sample scale tests are illustrated and compared. (Author/GDC)

A respectable reliability of scoring twelfth-grade essays can be achieved through the use of essay models in the two Alberta Essay Scales (style-content and mechanics). The scales can assist classroom teachers in the day-to-day scoring of essays by providing a constant standard. (Author/SB)

A latent trait measurement model in which ordered response categories are both parameterized and scored with successive integers is investigated and applied to a summated rating or Likert questionnaire. This is a practical procedure for measuring attitudes. (Author/MH)

The Alternate Uses test was administered to 60 college students to measure originality; scores were based on subjective judgment, statistical infrequency, and random numbers. Findings indicated that either new scoring methods or statistical methods for controlling ideational fluency should be developed. (MH)

Examined the number and type of scoring errors made on Holland's Self-Directed Search-R (SDS-R). Participants were high school juniors and seniors (N=91). Results indicate that although some errors were made, the SDS-R was perceived as a useful career assessment tool. Implications are discussed. (Author/RJM)

Examines the concept of washback as an instance of the consequential aspect of construct validity, linking positive washback to direct assessments and the need to minimize construct underrepresentation and construct-irrelevant difficulty in the test. The article explains washback as referring to the extent to which test use influences language…

Describes development of a rubric for assessing class discussion. Discusses procedures, student roles, and assessment in a "scored discussion." Notes that students find the process to be both demanding and informing. (RS)

Reviews and illustrates some of the current technological developments in computer-based testing, focusing on novel item formats and automated scoring methodologies. The review shows a number of innovations being researched and implemented. (SLD)

Supports the use of a science experiment option in the high school curriculum to enhance student learning. Presents a science experiment rubric and connects the use of science projects with standards. (DDR)