The shift to alterable variables (those that can be changed before or during the teaching and learning processes) enables researchers to move from an emphasis on prediction and classification to a concern for causality and the relations between means and ends in teaching and learning. (Author/IRT)

Discusses a series of year-long writing activities using portfolios in eighth-grade science class. Notes that students received feedback about their performance from multiple sources. Suggests that students found this formative focus productive and valuable, and took a more active role in mastering the course content than if the course had been…

Describes the development of the Cooperative Remotely Accessible Learning (CORAL) system on the Internet at National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan) that promotes cooperative constructive distance learning and provides the first comprehensive and networked courseware written in Chinese. Results of formative evaluation are described and future…

If faculty peer review of teaching is to overcome institutional marginalization, its formative and summative components must use rules, criteria, and standards for effective teaching that are agreed upon by faculty in the academic unit. This conversation clarifies expectations for curriculum, teaching, and student learning. Only such a process can…

Discusses the design of a series of case-based interactive videodiscs used for coaching preservice elementary science teachers to become reflective practitioners. Topics include HyperCard stacks; the formative evaluation process; and design features appropriate for materials developed in other content areas or with other technical platforms.…

The process of restructuring a higher education institution does not end with creation of a strategic plan; the plan's objectives and strategies must be monitored for effectiveness. Phases of creative strategy-making and plan formulation should be alternated with periods of assessment. The process is not a direct course, but dynamic progression…

A study investigated 292 British university students' attitudes about continuous assessment (formative evaluation) and examinations (summative evaluation). In many respects, students felt continuous assessment to be fairer and to measure a greater range of abilities. Responses varied by age and gender. Overall, students felt continuous assessment…

Discusses diversity in the workplace and offers guidelines for practitioners in designing, developing, and implementing diversity training. Highlights include linking the diversity initiative to the organization's mission, cultural climate assessments, reviewing policies and procedures, needs assessment, learner analysis, establishing objectives,…

Examples of innovative program evaluation techniques developed in several foreign and international settings are presented in a collection of 10 essays. Methods for understanding programs to be evaluated, focusing evaluation, gathering information, analyzing information, and communicating findings and recommendations are discussed. (TJH)

Analysis of the process of educational television evaluation focuses on the Programme Evaluation Analysis Computer (PEAC) system. Highlights include affects of evaluation on learning; internal and external validity; variables in the evaluation model; formative evaluation; cognitive and affective objectives; and differences between general…

Describes and presents an example of some of the techniques of "illuminative evaluation" of English-as-a-Second-Language courses, emphasizing the usefulness of summative evaluation and the involvement of students in evaluation. (Author/CB)

Discusses the importance of including evaluation as part of training programs. Topics discussed include the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) Training Program Development and Evaluation Model; audience analysis; modularized course development procedures; instructors' guides; and checkpoints to observe during the course development process.…

Describes the background and 38 steps of the development of the Australian Science Education Project (ASEP) Curriculum. Discusses some implications and eight points using formative evaluation to improve science curriculum materials. (YP)

The article traces the path of change, over several years, in school culture through a school district's five-year Human Resource Development Program, presents formative evaluation data, reveals critical change decisions, and speculates on what might have been done differently. (CB)

This discussion of authentic assessment stresses that such assessment should be contextual (based on the context of meaning), collaborative (involves learners), and constructive (supports risk-taking). It compares tools designed for formative assessment including criteria checklists, "kidwatching," profiles, conferences, and portfolios. (DB)