Clinicians with highly deviant recommendation rates also exhibited extreme differences in their use of the normal and sociopathic categories. It was concluded that biases in the definition and assignment of labels might be reduced by means of a combined clinical-statistical approach to gathering and utilizing diagnostic information. (Author)

Employees classified into development and research groups were contrasted for differences in vocational interest and personality inventory responses. Discriminant and classification analyses indicated that these two groups could be distinguished. Development personnel exhibited greater interests in supervisory-related areas, but researchers showed…

Reviews significant recent research and information related to the beginning period of human life, and specifically discusses the developing fetus and infant, and the surrounding environment in which the infant is born and reared. Suggestions for prevention of mental-health problems are offered. (Author/DB)

Summarizes proceedings of the Honors Symposium at the twelfth annual International Congress for Individualized Instruction (II) and lists speakers who have been pioneers in the field of II. (CS)

Overviews the present status and historical background of the audio-tutorial (A-T) method, by the innovator of A-T. (CS)

Reviews conditions for effective learning, discusses the limitations on learning imposed by group instruction, and describes methods employed by the author to increase individualization. (CS)

Using an individual differences multidimensional scaling method with a sample of (N=38) parents, four dimensions of stress were identified. The first dimension, major versus minor child problems, was most problematic for parents and highly related to a set of adjectives describing unpleasant or stressful emotional states. (Author)

Examined individual differences among third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade children (N=59) in the tendency to remember and utilize dispositional as opposed to situational information in predicting and explaining the behavior of story characters. (JMB)

The discrepancy between middle-class and lower-class children's performance on IQ tests has been thought of as "cognitive deficit" or as "cognitive differences." This paper proposes another explanation--cognitive lag hypothesis--according to which the low IQ test scores of lower-class children are seen as due to the developmentally delayed…

Problem solving and related observation behaviors were assessed using 108 subjects in three age groups (4 years, 8 years, and college undergraduates). Interference from uninformative stimuli affected all ages, but decreased at older ages. Only the adults exhibited selective, relevant observation behaviors. (Author/DB)

The relation between imagery-assisted prose recall and field independence was found to be significantly stronger than the relation between control recall and field independence for third graders, but not for kindergartners. (Author)

Suggests that an ego-identity model, based on the work of Erikson, serves as a means to associate personality factors with a career in science. Also relates changes in school and curriculum to pupils' reactions to science. (CS)

Thirty adolescent mothers and their infants who had few medical and psychological difficulties showed a positive adjustment to motherhood through the first six postpartum weeks. The ego strength of the adolescents and the infants' behavioral individuality were the factors most strongly related to the quality of early mother-child interaction and…