This study attempts to assess differences in the three aspects of cognitive complexity--differentiation, discrimination, and integration--as functions of information about and interest in the relevant domain. The two groups of subjects consisted of 20 members of a local sports car club and an equal number from a local garden club. Each group had…

The specification of a lexicon, centering on the referential base concept and compiled for primary education, is explored in this paper. Classification of a sample of 518 entries from a desk dictionary into one of five categories is discussed, and analysis of the 266 entries in the fourth category (base concept-naming entries) according to the…

Sight word lists have been used since prior to 20 B.C. and have changed forms many times. Today sight word lists are numerous and are widely and variously used. They differ in source, intended purpose and/or audience, and criteria for including specific words. Despite the differences, there is much agreement that they do reflect the most basic…

Previous research has demonstrated that requiring children to trace from memory the correct member of a pictorial discrimination pair markedly facilitates performance. The subjects for the first experiment in this study were 45 fifth grade students. The control group was given regular discrimination learning instructions. The image-trace group was…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of focus (subject, object, and possessive) and embedding position (center vs. right) on kindergarten and second-grade subjects' responses to relative clauses. Twenty kindergarten and 20 second-grade children served as subjects. The subjects were middle-class, Anglo children who had not begun…

The findings of Marsh and Sherman's investigation, in 1970, of the speech sound discrimination ability of kindergarten subjects, are discussed in this paper. In the study a comparison was made between performance when speech sounds were presented in isolation and when speech sounds were presented in a word context, using minimal sound contrasts.…

Two experiments were conducted with college students as subjects in an effort to determine the note taking strategy most effective for learning from lecture. In one experiment students listened to a lecture while engaging in either parallel or distributed note taking. The information density of the lecture and the lecture presentation speed were…

The purpose of this paper is to present two studies, one which questions some previously reported data on phonemic recoding and another which suggests an alternative interpretation for the evidence that Rubenstein and Lewis claimed in support of phonemic recoding. In one experiment three subsets of nonsense words were presented to 35 paid graduate…

This paper reviews the literature and research related to reading and language with an emphasis on linguistics. Topics covered in the paper include: a definition of language, phonology, dialects, oral language, cultural differences, reading materials, morphology, syllabic generalizations, syntax, readability, and the cloze procedure. (WR)

This comprehensive, 300-item bibliography on the cloze procedure lists a significant proportion of the cloze literature. It is comprised of books, articles, and papers in which there is at least a substantial and/or significant cloze component. The references are arranged in alphabetical order by authors. Those citations that have been published…

Based on recommendations of the Harvard Report on Reading, a 33-item instrument was sent to a small sample of school districts originally surveyed to see the amount of implementation a decade later. Because only a small sample was surveyed, the states are grouped into seven regions. Measures of implementation based on the percentage of…

The nature of and problems with words of more than one syllable are discussed in this paper, and strategies for teaching and reading such words are suggested. It is postulated that the major problem in reading words of more than one syllable is stress and its effect on vowel pronunciation. It is also reasonable to assume that words become more…

Current research studies related to oral reading at the elementary level are abstracted and listed by author in Part I of this bibliography. Part II contains citations and brief annotations of documents published from 1900 to 1950. Entries deal with such aspects as improving oral reading ability, using oral reading as a diagnostic tool, and using…

Two-syllable words were presented singly for study followed by a two-alternative, forced-choice test to 120 college students divided into four groups of 30 each. Half of the new words on the test ("I" words) were constructed by combining two syllables taken from two different study words, and half were neutral words ("C" words). If, as a…

Previous work shows that skilled college level readers tend to apprehend words as wholes, whereas they tend to process random strings of letters as a series of individual letters. Subjects in the study were forced to process words and non-word strings both serially and under conditions which allowed simultaneous processing, and their performances…