Cooperative education is a learning strategy that fits very well with basic laws of learning. In fact, several basic important learning processes are far better adapted to the cooperative education strategy than to methods that lean entirely on classroom instruction. For instance, cooperative education affords more opportunities for reinforcement,…

This presidential address before the Midwestern Education Research Association describes the chain of evidence that is required to link brain research to classroom practice; describes some of the proposed brain-based curricula and the kinds of evidence presented to support them; and suggests guidelines for evaluating proposals for implementing…

Questioning the process by which language minority students are taught literacy in the United States, this paper argues that language skills, including reading, should not be taught in isolation, and that learning, not literacy, should be the guiding force for educators. The paper first discusses the special reading problems of the language…

Four elements are essential for efficient, effective, and rewarding teaching of beginning reading. The first is the use of children's key vocabulary. Children are asked, in a prescribed fashion, what their very best word is of the moment. The teacher prints it in a prescribed fashion and uses it to help children acquire one-to-one correspondence…

This document--an annotated bibliography on adult learning--is one in a series of four developed to provide a comprehensive overview of the scope of training practices relating to adult learning. It presents brief reviews of approximately eighty selected books and other published materials that relate to adult learning, adult education, and…

The aim of this project was to develop a curriculum for first-year algebra students to provide a wide range of applications of mathematics. This type of application would permit students to understand how algebraic symbolism develops out of natural needs. A pilot draft of the materials was field-tested during the 1974-75 school year, revised, and…

This report opens by asking how operations in general, and addition and subtraction in particular, are characterized for elementary school students, and examines the "standard" instruction of these topics through secondary schooling. Some common errors and/or "sloppiness" in the typical textbook presentations are noted, and…

A project, using a longitudinal survey, seeks to describe the cognitive content of the professional competence developed within the field of engineering, psychology, economics, and medicine. With the aid of several empirical studies, the project will hopefully clarify when and how changes occur in students' perceptions and patterns of thought,…

Adjunct questions are test-like items interspersed at regular intervals, preceding or following prose passages, with the intention of increasing subsequent learning. In this state-of-the-art review, studies which include three major variables--age, ability, and question complexity level--are examined to determine whether a particular combination…

By means of an extensive literature review, this paper attempts to determine what should be taught in a community college writing program with a diversity of students in a sequence of developmental and transfer English courses. The existence of a laboratory and separate reading courses is assumed. The paper begins by citing studies of the…

An information processing approach was applied to the development and validation of a test battery intended for personnel selection, classification, and guidance; and design of training programs. The approach specifies that tests should measure specific cognitive processes and basic abilities, rather than prior experience. Tests should be short,…

Professional educators must be aware of issues involved pertaining to the development of relevant objectives, learning experiences, and evaluation procedures to be used in teaching-learning situations, and these issues should be clarified in terms of the thinking of selected educators of the past as well as leading professionals in the field of…

The learning of different school subjects (history, English, poetry appreciation, creative writing, reading, elementary school mathematics, geography, and modern languages) can be evaluated qualitatively, using the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO) Taxonomy. The taxonomy is structured into five major levels, with transitional…

THIS PAPER IS A REPORT OF AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE APPLICABILITY OF A 3-LEVEL THEORY OF LEARNING WHEN USED AS A FRAMEWORK FOR EMOTIONAL-SOCIAL LEARNING. SOCIALLY HOSTILE PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WERE TO BE PLEASURABLY REINFORCED FOR DESIRABLE ACTIVITIES, HELPED TO SEE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PLEASURE AND THE ACTIVITIES, AND FINALLY TO SEE…

THE AMBIGUITY AND AMBIVALENCE THAT CHARACTERIZE ALL DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PERTAINING TO LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY ARE DERIVED FROM THE "DOUBLE NATURE" OF THE SUBJECT. TO COMPLICATE THE SITUATION FURTHER, THERE IS NO CERTAINTY THAT EITHER THE "CONDITIONED" OR "CONCEPTUAL" MODES OF LANGUAGE LEARNING REALLY COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER. THE…