A survey of one-third of Pennsylvania's school district superintendents and of the firms that conducted the mandated independent audits of their districts provided data revealing variables that accounted for differences in auditing costs among districts, suggesting factors that school business officials might consider when seeking cost reductions.…

Programs in emergency medicine are expected to become increasingly organized with the development of emergency medicine teaching faculties. A clerkship design with clinical instruction, classroom instruction, and evaluation is described. (Author/MLW)

School systems will soon be using microcomputers to design their school bus routes and aid in the management of transportation programs. Offers guidelines to bring microcomputer bus management to school systems. (MLF)

This article provides realities in reaction to myths that have developed around online searching based on experience at Northbrook Public Library (Illinois). Discussion covers experience needed by online searcher, use of the multitude of databases, retrieval of relevant material, and cost. Two reference situations utilizing online searching…

The concept of differential pricing and its current application in undergraduate education are examined, particularly differentiating tuition by program at the upper-division level. Differential pricing is proposed as a policy that can benefit both students and institutions. (Author/MLW)

Measures change in social and private net present value of expected lifetime earnings attributable to M.L.S. degree under current market conditions and calculates effect of changes in placement rates and of two-year MLS degrees. Implications for profession's ability to attract capable individuals and for its sex composition are discussed. (33…

This discussion of the cost efficient allocation of time in public libraries highlights time as a "fee," the cost of time, time and public library use, Sunday hours and time, cost of Sunday hours, the flextime factor, and use of Sunday hours. Eight sources are given. (EJS)

Describes a novel form of citizen participation that has been developed by the Center for New Democratic Processes over the last decade. It is the belief of the authors that these citizen panels can overcome many of the deficiencies of other approaches to participation. Six criteria are suggested for a successful method of participation.…

Participatory management among Gallaudet College's administration, the architect-engineer, and the construction company saved the college almost half a million dollars and still resulted in an award-winning field house. (MLF)

This paper considers what the computer and videodisc technologies offer to education, how they can help contain educational costs, and how schools can begin to plan for a smooth transition from today's primitive classroom environment to the electronically equipped classroom of tomorrow. (JMK)

Explains standards laid out in Federal Circular A-120 to ensure accountability, uniformity of standards, legal compliance, and efficiency in school food service procurement. Includes bidding and contract award procedures, contract compliance considerations, and cost-cutting methods. (MCG)

A heat pump life-cycle cost analysis is used to explain the technique. Items suggested for the life-cycle analysis approach include lighting, longer-life batteries, site maintenance, and retaining experts to inspect specific building components. (MLF)

Develops a model for estimating the comparative costs of a middle school structure and an intermediate school structure. Considers the extensive cost data collected in the Montgomery County (Maryland) school system. (JW)

The cost effectiveness of videocassettes and television broadcasts for the Open University's instructional purposes is examined, and the relative inexpensiveness of videocassette production and distribution is weighed against other issues, including access to equipment, changes in format necessary to take advantage of videocassettes' instructional…

This essay addresses factors that influence a customer's perception of the value of online information delivery services: evident costs, uncertain return, long-term return, not directly productive, overhead expense, and differential use. Roles assumed in acquiring and using information services (purchasers, searchers, consumers), price, and…